Some analyses for PAN and studies of its structure

Effects of heterogeneous processes on NO3, HONO, and HNO3 chemistry in the troposphere

“…Atmospheric surface measurements of gas phase oxides of nitrogen, NO3, HONO, and HNO 3 and airborne measurements of HNO3 in precipitation at cloud base and in selected urban plumes are at variance with values predicted by gas phase photochemical models. In particular, homogeneous odd nitrogen reaction schemes (see compilations by Baulch et al [1980] and Hampson [1980]) are unable to resolve (1) low nocturnal measurements of NO 3 at rural and urban sites in Europe and the United States [Noxon et al, 1978[Noxon et al, , 1980Platt et al, 1979Platt et al, , 1980aPlatt et al, , b, 1981, (2) the buildup of HONO throughout the night in the Los Angeles area [Platt et al, 1980b], (3) the formation of HNO 3 in warm frontal clouds over the Ohio River Valley [Lazrus et al, 1983] and the increase of NO 3-in a case of a fair-weather cumulus cloud [Leaitch et al, 1982], and (4) the formation of HNO3 within plumes and in the Los Angeles Basin [Parungo and Pueschel, 1980;Van Valin et al, 1981;Richards, 1983]. In all these cases, heterogeneous reactions between oxides of nitrogren and atmospheric particles are proposed as one explanation for these observations.…”

The Role of Free Radicals in Toxicity of Air Pollutants (Peroxyacyl Nitrates)

“…Furthermore, the metabolism of [ 14 C]PAN in plants gave a product distribution indistinguishable from the metabolism of [ 14 C]acetate [11,12]. It was therefore not surprising that Nicksic et al [13] found equimolar amounts of nitrite and acetate when PAN was decomposed in alkaline solutions. A complete description of the products of PAN degradation became available when Stephens [14] reported that molecular oxygen was also produced in amounts equal to acetate and nitrite.…”

“…A complete description of the products of PAN degradation became available when Stephens [14] reported that molecular oxygen was also produced in amounts equal to acetate and nitrite. Nicksic et al [13] examined PAN solutions for esr signals but found none before, during, or after the addition of sodium hydroxide. Nicksic et al [13] examined PAN solutions for esr signals but found none before, during, or after the addition of sodium hydroxide.…”

Heterogeneous interaction of peroxyacetyl nitrate with liquid sulfuric acid

“…PAN may influence precipitation quality directly by contributing additional nitrate, and it may also have an indirect effect by serving as an oxidizing agent in aqueous solutions, perhaps in a manner similar to that of hydrogen peroxide. For example, in alkaline solutions PAN has been found to rapidly hydrolyze and yield nitrite and acetate anions and molecular oxygen [Nicksic, 1967;Stephens, 1969] In addition, Lee [1984] investigated the oxidizing effect of 02, 03, and H202 in aqueous PAN solutions and suggested that PAN is not a good oxidant in cloud water.…”

“…PAN may influence precipitation quality directly by contributing additional nitrate, and it may also have an indirect effect by serving as an oxidizing agent in aqueous solutions, perhaps in a manner similar to that of hydrogen peroxide. For example, in alkaline solutions PAN has been found to rapidly hydrolyze and yield nitrite and acetate anions and molecular oxygen [Nicksic, 1967;Stephens, 1969]. A number of authors have reported solubility and hydrolysis of PAN in distilled water and seawater and slightly acidic solutions at or near room temperature [Holdten et al, 1984;Lee, 1984;Kames et al, 1991;Langer et al, 1992;Kames and Schurath, 1995].…”