2019
DOI: 10.3390/pr7030156
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Some Advances in Supercritical Fluid Extraction for Fuels, Bio-Materials and Purification

Abstract: Supercritical fluids are used for the extraction of desired ingredients from natural materials, but also for the removal of undesired and harmful ingredients. In this paper, the pertinent physical and chemical properties of supercritical water, methanol, ethanol, carbon dioxide, and their mixtures are provided. The methodologies used with supercritical fluid extraction are briefly dealt with. Advances in the application of supercritical extraction to fuels, the gaining of antioxidants and other useful items fr… Show more

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Cited by 28 publications
(9 citation statements)
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References 122 publications
(114 reference statements)
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“…Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) has many advantages in comparison with solvent extraction, including high reaction rate, the absence of toxic solvents, the ability to adjust solvent power to accurate extraction of target components, and production of pure crude lipids, which are not contaminated with solvents (103). The most common supercritical solvent is carbon dioxide (104, 105) but acetone, methanol, ethanol, and water also used for lipid extraction under supercritical conditions (103,106). Supercritical carbon-dioxide efficiently solubilize non-polar compounds while the extraction polar compounds can be increased using a polar co-solvent as ethanol, methanol, and acetyl chloride (107) or azeotropic mixtures as hexane/ ethanol (108).…”
Section: Supercritical Fluid Extractionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) has many advantages in comparison with solvent extraction, including high reaction rate, the absence of toxic solvents, the ability to adjust solvent power to accurate extraction of target components, and production of pure crude lipids, which are not contaminated with solvents (103). The most common supercritical solvent is carbon dioxide (104, 105) but acetone, methanol, ethanol, and water also used for lipid extraction under supercritical conditions (103,106). Supercritical carbon-dioxide efficiently solubilize non-polar compounds while the extraction polar compounds can be increased using a polar co-solvent as ethanol, methanol, and acetyl chloride (107) or azeotropic mixtures as hexane/ ethanol (108).…”
Section: Supercritical Fluid Extractionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Supercritical CO 2 has a density and dissolving ability similar to those of liquid CO 2 , while its diffusivity, viscosity, and surface tension are comparable to those of gas [100]. As such, supercritical CO 2 offers the efficient dissolution and mass transfer of dissolved components [101]. CO 2 is a nonpolar solvent and thus it dissolves readily nonpolar molecules [102].…”
Section: Dissolution Of Organic Mattermentioning
confidence: 99%
“…ScCO 2 was first applied to extraction of natural products at the end of the 1980s. Nowadays, scCO 2 based extraction technology has become a mature and readily controlled process in the extraction industry, which has been utilized as a green approach for the productive extraction and recovery of valuable compounds, such as bioactive plant phytochemicals [ 13 ], nutrition and functional food ingredients [ 14 ], and other high added-value compounds [ 15 ]. However, the development of the scCO 2 technology for the production of solid particles in the pharmaceutical industry is still in the early stages.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%