Some Adaptations of Limnadia stanleyana King (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Conchostraca) to a Temporary Freshwater Environment

Bishop, J. A.

doi:10.2307/2815

Cited by 50 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The inability of phyllopods to avoid predators has been mentioned by a number of authors (Bishop, 1967;Hartland-Rowe, 1972;Wiggins et al, 1980) and their lack of mobility means that they cannot leave a habitat which is drying up. The 'edge' species have therefore developed life history strategies which ensure their continued existence, while the 'central species were able to take advantage of the relative stability (in terms of longer duration and an absence of predators) of this part of the habitat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life history adaptations of phyllopods in response to predators, vegetation, and habitat duration in north-eastern Natal

Hamer

Appleton

1991

Hydrobiologia

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Phyllopod populations were monitored in three temporary pools differing in the amount of submerged, peripheral vegetation present, surface area and duration. The effects of these factors on the life history strategies employed by phyllopods were investigated. Triops granarius, various conchostracan species and the anostracan Branchipodopsis sp. inhabited the periphery of two pools where rooted, submerged vegetation was abundant while three Streptocephalus species dominated the central, unvegetated regions of the pools and the unvegetated pool. This distribution pattern appeared to be related to the animals' morphology and feeding habits. The peripheral regions of the pools were stressful habitats since they were colonized by large numbers of predators and competitors 30-40 days after inundation and they dried out sooner than the centre. The 'peripheral' species exhibited typical r-selected life history strategies; they grew rapidly, reproduced early and had short lifespans and in this way they overcame the threats presented by their habitat. The 'central' species took advantage of their predator-free, more stable habitat and exhibited life history patterns which tended towards the K-end of the r-K continuum. A degree of intraspecific variation in growth and reproduction was obvious and appeared to be related to differences in habitat duration of the three pools,

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life history adaptations of phyllopods in response to predators, vegetation, and habitat duration in north-eastern Natal

Hamer

Appleton

1991

Hydrobiologia

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“…It is thus apparent that exposure to extreme temperatures does not serve to break down any block to hatching as shown by Bishop (1967) for the conchostracan Limnadia stanleyana. Eggs of this organism required exposure to a period of low temperature to break the diapause initiated by short daylength.…”

Section: The Influence Of Exposure To Extremes Of Temperature Before mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both continual darkness and dissolved oxygen tensions of less than 2 mg 1 -' inhibited the hatching of Limnadia stanleyana (Eubranchiopoda; Conchostraca) eggs (Bishop, 1967).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting the hatching ofStreptocephalus macrourus Daday (Crustacea; Eubranchiopoda) eggs

Mitchell

1990

Hydrobiologia

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A major drawback to the use in aquaculture of members of the Eubranchiopoda from temporary pool environments is that their eggs do not hatch readily. An investigation of the factors influencing the hatching of eggs of the fairy shrimp Streptocephalus macrourus, showed that light was the only factor of those investigated that was obligatory for hatching. It was found that eggs which had not been desiccated hatched successfully in the presence or absence of adults, while those which had been desiccated showed a block in hatching initially, although this block deteriorated with time and after approximately two months the eggs which had been desiccated showed a similar hatching success to that of the nondesiccated eggs. Exposure of eggs to extremes of heat or cold before incubation did not influence the hatching success of the eggs significantly, but the temperature at which incubation took place was important. The optimal range lay between 14 C and 20 C. Eggs hatched and nauplii survived at dissolved oxygen tensions of below 0.5 mg 1-'

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“…Our work suggests that across at least southern and eastern Africa, regional differences per se may not be so important. Relationships between the similarity of Sua Pan's crustacean community with other saline lakes in southern and East Africa (expressed as Bray-Curtis index) and the abiotic characteristics of these saline lakes; Lake depth, Distance from Sua Pan, pH, and the % Na + , % HCO À 3 , % SO 2À 4 , and % Mg 2+ in the chemical composition of their waters Hydrobiologia (2008) 596:31-46 39 Most species from the large Branchiopoda (members of the orders anostraca, notostraca and conchostraca) are confined to temporary waters, having requirements that can only be satisfied by the alternating wet and dry phases of these ecosystems (Broch, 1965;Bishop, 1967;Brown & Carpelan, 1971;Belk & Cole, 1975;Hildrew, 1985). Many of these species may be highly susceptible to predation (Williams et al, 1990) and, consequently, are typically absent or uncommon, in permanent waters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrochemical fluctuations and crustacean community composition in an ephemeral saline lake (Sua Pan, Makgadikgadi Botswana)

et al. 2007

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Fluctuating hydrochemistry, as a result of extreme hydrological regimes, imposes major physiological constraints on the biota of ephemeral saline lakes. While the inverse relationship between salinity and zooplankton species richness is well-known across salinity gradients, few studies have documented closely the response of zooplankton to seasonal changes in salinity. Weekly sampling during two flood seasons at Sua Pan, an intermittent saline lake in central Botswana demonstrated the importance of spatial and temporal salinity gradients for crustacean community composition, associated with a decline in species richness, from 11 to three species. Conductivity ranged between 320 and 125,800 lS cm À1 during seasonal flooding; changing from dominance by HCO À 3 and CO À 3 , Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ , at the beginning of the floods, to NaCl dominated waters as the lake dried out and salinities increased. pH estimates generally ranged between 8.6 and 10, with maximum values recorded during initial flooding. Crustaceans comprised mainly Branchinella spinosa, Moina belli, Lovenula africana and Limnocythere tudoranceai, all of which occurred across a wide range of salinities, while halotolerant freshwater species (Metadiaptomus transvaalensis, Leptestheria striatochonca and the ostracods Plesiocypridopsis aldabrae, Cypridopsis newtoni and a newly identified Potamocypris species) disappeared above conductivities of 1,500 lS cm À1 . A unique crustacean composition in southern Africa was attributed to Sua Pans' rare chemical composition among southern African saline lakes; flood waters on Sua Pan contained a higher proportion of Na + and HCO À 3 , and less K + , Mg 2+ and SO 2þ 4 than over 80% of records from salt pans elsewhere in southern African. The freshwater species of crustaceans in Sua Pan were similar to those found in other southern Africa lakes, and these similarities decreased in lakes with higher pH and proportions of Na, and less SO 4 and Mg in their chemical composition. The predominant saline tolerant species on Sua Pan, however, showed a greater similarity to those in saline lakes in southern and East Africa with higher proportions of HCO À 3 and, particularly, Mg 2+ in their chemical composition.

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Some Adaptations of Limnadia stanleyana King (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Conchostraca) to a Temporary Freshwater Environment

Cited by 50 publications

References 15 publications

Life history adaptations of phyllopods in response to predators, vegetation, and habitat duration in north-eastern Natal

Life history adaptations of phyllopods in response to predators, vegetation, and habitat duration in north-eastern Natal

Factors affecting the hatching ofStreptocephalus macrourus Daday (Crustacea; Eubranchiopoda) eggs

Hydrochemical fluctuations and crustacean community composition in an ephemeral saline lake (Sua Pan, Makgadikgadi Botswana)

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