Somatostatin and cancer: Applying endocrinology to oncology

Grimberg, Adda

doi:10.4161/cbt.3.8.1030

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…56 Somatostatin is a peptide hormone that normally suppresses growth hormone (GH), thyrotropin (TSH), insulin, and gut hormone release, as well as affecting gastrointestinal function. 57 It achieves these pleiotropic effects by binding somatostatin receptors (SSTR), a family of five G-protein-coupled membrane receptors. In thymomas with a high uptake of octreotide on scintigraphy, SST analogs are a therapeutic option even for advanced chemorefractory patients not considered eligible for additional conventional chemotherapy or debulking surgery.…”

Section: Clinical Implications and Novel Therapeutic Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thymoma and Thymic Carcinoma: An Update of the WHO Classification 2004

et al. 2005

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When dealing with tumors of the thymus and mediastinum, both the surgeon and the pathologist are confronted with a vast variety of different pathohistologic entities, among which epithelial tumors, namely thymomas and thymic carcinomas, are the most frequent. Intimate knowledge of the different entities and their anticipated clinical outcome is required to meet diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. We herein briefly update the reader with the most important new changes in the 2004 WHO classification of tumors of the thymus and to important new trends in the treatment of some of these tumors.

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Section: Clinical Implications and Novel Therapeutic Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thymoma and Thymic Carcinoma: An Update of the WHO Classification 2004

et al. 2005

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“…Another way that brain insulin can influence the functions of the thyroid system is through the somatostatin signaling system. Somatostatin is one of the most important regulators of the HPT axis, due to its suppression of TRH and TSH secretion [44,45]. There is evidence that in DM1 somatostatin level can be increased, as shown in human DM1 and in the gastrointestinal tract of nonobese diabetic mice [46][47][48], or can be unchanged or reduced, as demonstrated in rats with STZ-induced DM [49][50][51].…”

Section: Endocrine Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Intranasal Insulin on Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis in Normal and Diabetic Rats

et al. 2015

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The functions of hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis are attenuated in type 1 diabetes mellitus due to insulin deficiency. The use of intranasally administered insulin is of considerable interest for treatment of diabetes and cognitive disorders, but its effect on the thyroid system has not been investigated yet. We studied the influence of long-term treatment with intranasal insulin on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis of nondiabetic rats and diabetic animals with streptozotocin models of acute and mild type 1 diabetes mellitus. This treatment was carried out for 28 days in acute (daily does of 0.3, 0.6, and 1.5?IU of insulin per rat) and for 135 days in mild diabetes (daily dose of 0.45?IU/rat). Nondiabetic rats were treated in a similar manner. Intranasal insulin in both models of diabetes resulted in the improvement of thyroid status; manifested as increase of thyroid hormones levels and restoration of response to thyroliberin. In acute diabetes, a daily dose of 0.6?IU/rat was the most effective. Twenty eight days treatment of nondiabetic rats with intranasal insulin at a dose of 0.3?IU/rat resulted in a significant increase of free and total thyroxine levels. Longer treatment of rats with mild diabetes and nondiabetic animals significantly increased thyrotropin level. Thus, long-term intranasal insulin treatment restored the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis function in type 1 diabetes, but led to a significant increase in the thyrotropin level, which must be considered when designing a strategy for the use of intranasal insulin in clinical applications.

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“…A long lasting experience has been accumulated with the employment of SS analogs for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, as opposed to CST analogs, which are currently under investigation. A recent commentary (Grimberg 2004) SS analogs were synthesized on the basis of structural and functional data on SS-14, showing that aminoacidic residues in positions 7-10 were fundamental for its biological activity (Raynor et al 1993b). Among the numerous designed hexa-and octa-peptides, the latter, for example octreotide and lanreotide, have a high affinity for sst types 2, 3 and 5 and are registered in most countries for clinical use (deHerder & Lamberts 2002).…”

Section: Effects On Tumour Cell Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Somatostatin, cortistatin and their receptors in tumours

Volante

Rosas

Allìa

et al. 2008

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology

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Somatostatin (SS) and its synthetic analogs have a role in the treatment of neuroendocrine tumours both in terms of symptoms control and antiproliferative activities. These effects are mediated by five SS receptors, widely expressed in both human neuroendocrine and nonneuroendocrine tumours, which were demonstrated to be diagnostically and therapeutically valuable targets . Cortistatin (CST), a brain cortex peptide, partially homologous to SS and having similar functions is also expressed in peripheral tissues and tumours. CST binds all SS receptors, and, differently from SS, also the ghrelin receptor GHSR1a and the CST specific receptor MrgX2. The expression profile of CST is mostly restricted to neuroendocrine tumours (gastrointestinal, pancreas, lung, parathyroid, thyroid, adrenal). In these tumours, CST probably acts via the SS or ghrelin receptor, the MrgX2 receptor being absent. Thus, in comparison to SS analogs, CST synthetic analogs may represent additional diagnostic/therapeutic tools in those tumors expressing the receptors for SS, for ghrelin or for both peptides.

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Somatostatin and cancer: Applying endocrinology to oncology

Cited by 22 publications

References 28 publications

Thymoma and Thymic Carcinoma: An Update of the WHO Classification 2004

Thymoma and Thymic Carcinoma: An Update of the WHO Classification 2004

The Influence of Intranasal Insulin on Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis in Normal and Diabetic Rats

Somatostatin, cortistatin and their receptors in tumours

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