Somatic symptoms, social support, and treatment seeking among sexual assault victims.

Kimerling, Rachel; Calhoun, Karen S.

doi:10.1037/0022-006x.62.2.333

Cited by 300 publications

(198 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…For the present study, we examined only outpatient health care usage, both for FMS-related and non-FMS-related visits. Questionnaires and interviews similar to the HCBI have been used as measures of health care system usage and health care-seeking behavior in previous investigations (11,12). Moreover, self-reported medical care usage has been observed to correlate significantly with objective medical record data (12,19).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This relationship was evaluated after controlling for demographic factors and a history of sexual or physical abuse, both of which are associated with increased health care usage and frequently occur among patients with FMS (11)(12)(13)(14). Three central issues were then examined regarding relationships between perceived physical and emotional trauma and several outcomes in patients with FMS.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perceived physical and emotional trauma as precipitating events in fibromyalgia. Associations with health care seeking and disability status but not pain severity

Aaron

Bradley

Alarcón

et al. 1997

Arthritis & Rheumatism

151

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Objective. We examined relationships between perceived physical and emotional trauma that occur prior to, or that initiate, pain onset and health care seeking for fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). We also assessed associations between perceived trauma and levels of health care usage, symptom severity, functional disability, and receipt of disability compensation among patients with FMS.Methods. We evaluated these variables using interviews and standardized instruments in a consecutive series of FMS patients and community residents who met the American College of Rheumatology criteria for FMS but had not sought medical care ("nonpatients").Results. Emotional trauma was associated with status as an FMS patient independently of demographics, physical trauma, and sexuaVphysica1 abuse (P = 0.007). Among patients, emotional trauma was related to a high number of physician visits (P = 0.013), functional disability ratings (P = 0.012), and fatigue (P = 0.029), but physical trauma was associated with receipt of disability compensation (P = 0.019). Trauma history was not related to pain severity or pain thresholds.Conclusion. Perception of physical trauma is a greater determinant of disability compensation for FMS than is perceived emotional trauma, symptom severity,

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived physical and emotional trauma as precipitating events in fibromyalgia. Associations with health care seeking and disability status but not pain severity

Aaron

Bradley

Alarcón

et al. 1997

Arthritis & Rheumatism

151

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“…Somatoform distress has been linked to a variety of traumas, most notably sustained child abuse (Walker et al, 1988) and ongoing adult victimization (Kimerling & Calhoun, 1994). In addition, somatic symptoms may serve as an idiom of posttraumatic distress for cultures or subcultures that deny or reinterpret psychological dysfunction (Marsella et al, 1996).…”

Section: Somatoform Distressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenomenology and psychological assessment of complex posttraumatic states

2005

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The authors offer a framework for the assessment of psychological responses associated with exposure to early onset, multiple, or extended traumatic stressors. Six prominent and overlapping symptoms clusters are described: altered self-capacities, cognitive symptoms, mood disturbance, overdeveloped avoidance responses, somatoform distress, and posttraumatic stress. A strategy for the structured, psychometrically valid assessment of these outcomes is introduced, and specific recommendations for use of various generic and trauma-specific child and adult measures are provided. Implications of trauma assessment for treatment planning are discussed.Reactions to overwhelming psychological stressors can be viewed as residing on a complexity continuum. At one end are responses to adult-onset, single-incident, traumatic events (e.g., a motor vehicle accident, a mugging) that occur in individuals with adequate childhood development, a normoreactive nervous system, and no comorbid psychological disorders. At the opposite end are responses to early onset, multiple, extended, and sometimes highly invasive traumatic events, frequently of an interpersonal nature, often involving a significant amount of stigma or shame, that occur in individuals who, for a variety of reasons, may be more vulnerable to stress effects.Individuals at the high end of this complexity continuum are the subject of this article. These individuals are likely to experience a variety of posttraumatic symptoms and negative mood states, and often present with chronic affect regulation and interpersonal difficulties

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“…First, there is a robust literature indicating that individuals who meet criteria for PTSD both display and report decrements in health, including more pain overall, pregnancy neurological problems, respiratory problems, cardiovascular problems, and gastrointestinal problems (Litz et al 1992;McFarlane et al 1994;Lauterbach et al 2005;Shalev et al 1990Zoellner et al 2000. These relations appear even after controlling for physical injuries (Kimerling and Calhoun 1994;Wagner et al 2000) or comorbid medical conditions (Zatzick et al 2002;Zatzick et al 2003;Zatzick et al 1997). In addition, PTSD severity is associated with increased physical health complaints Litz et al 1992;Zoellner et al 2000).…”

Section: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Physical Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Posttraumatic stress disorder, alcohol use, and physical health concerns

et al. 2007

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PTSD is a risk factor for alcohol problems and both in turn have been independently associated with increased health problems. However, it is unclear whether alcohol use moderates the relationship between PTSD and health. Participants were battered women (N = 336) recruited from local domestic violence shelters and non-shelter victim-assistance agencies. A 2 (PTSD diagnosis) × 3 (abstainer, infrequent/light, regular/heavy drinking) ANCOVA was conducted, with injuries and length of abuse as covariates and health concerns as the dependent variable. Main effects for PTSD and alcohol use were significant but not the interaction. Women with PTSD reported the greatest number of health concerns. Women who abstained from drinking and those who drank regularly/heavily reported more health concerns than the infrequent/light drinkers. Health concerns associated with PTSD do not appear to be due to problem drinking. In addition, infrequent/light drinking, even for women with PTSD, may be associated with fewer health concerns.

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Somatic symptoms, social support, and treatment seeking among sexual assault victims.

Cited by 300 publications

References 58 publications

Perceived physical and emotional trauma as precipitating events in fibromyalgia. Associations with health care seeking and disability status but not pain severity

Perceived physical and emotional trauma as precipitating events in fibromyalgia. Associations with health care seeking and disability status but not pain severity

Phenomenology and psychological assessment of complex posttraumatic states

Posttraumatic stress disorder, alcohol use, and physical health concerns

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