Somatic mutation frequencies in Tradescantia stamen hairs treated with aqueous solutions of ethyl methanesulfonate and methyl methanesulfonate.

Ichikawa, Sadao; Kanai, Hiromi; Harada, Hiroshi

doi:10.1266/jjg.65.309

Cited by 30 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The control inflorescences were treated with 6.25% DMSO. The methods used for the treatments have been described elsewhere (Ichikawa and Takahashi, 1978;Ichikawa et al, 1990Ichikawa et al, , 1993SandaKamigawara et al, 1991;Ichikawa, 1992;Shima and Ichikawa, 1994;Xiao and Ichikawa, 1995). Immediately after the treatments, inflorescences were washed with tap water for 2 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutagenic synergism detected between 1,2-dibromoethane and X rays in the stamen hairs of Tradescantia clone BNL 4430.

Xiao

Ichikawa

1998

Genes Genet. Syst.

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Mutagenic interaction between 1,2-dibromoethane (EDB) and X rays was studied in the stamen hairs of Tradescantia clone BNL 4430, a blue/pink heterozygote. The young inflorescence-bearing shoots with roots of this clone cultivated in a nutrient solution circulating growth chamber were used as the tester plants. EDB is a promutagen and also a bifunctional alkylating agent with a high Swain-Scott substrate constant, but is thought to react probably via SN 1 mechanism. After confirming the dose-dependent mutagenicities of aqueous solutions of EDB for the first time in Tradescantia stamen hairs, a combined treatment with EDB and X rays was conducted, exposing acutely to 578 mGy X rays at the midpoint of 66.5 mM EDB treatment for 4 h. The induced somatic mutation frequency determined after the combined treatment was significantly higher (at 0.1% level) than that expected from the additive effects of EDB and X rays, showing that EDB and X rays acted obviously synergistically. The confirmation of the mutagenic synergism between EDB and X rays is reported here for the first time, although a likelihood of synergistic effects of EDB with 3 H beta rays has been suggested earlier.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutagenic synergism detected between 1,2-dibromoethane and X rays in the stamen hairs of Tradescantia clone BNL 4430.

Xiao

Ichikawa

1998

Genes Genet. Syst.

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“…Immediately after the treatments, inflorescences were washed with tap water for 2 min. The methods used for these treatments have been described elsewhere (Ichikawa and Takahashi, 1978;Ichikawa et al, 1990Ichikawa et al, , 1993Sanda-Kamigawara et al, 1991;Ichikawa, 1992;Shima and Ichikawa, 1994;Xiao and Ichikawa, 1995).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antagonistic effects of ethyl methanesulfonate and maleic hydrazide in inducing somatic mutations in the stamen hairs of Tradescantia clone BNL 4430.

Xiao

Ichikawa

1998

Genes Genet. Syst.

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Mutagenic interaction between ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS; a monofunctional alkylating agent) and maleic hydrazide (MH; a promutagen activated into a mutagen in plants highly likely by peroxidase) was studied in the stamen hairs of Tradescantia clone BNL 4430, a blue/pink heterozygote. Since EMS has been shown to act synergistically with X rays in inducing mutations, and mutagenic synergisms have also been observed between X rays and MH by exposing to X rays before MH treatments, EMS and MH were expected to act synergistically at least by exposing to EMS before MH treatment. Three different combined treatments were conducted, i.e., by exposing for 4 h to 18.8 mM EMS 44 or 20 h before starting or 20 h after completing 1 mM MH treatments for 4 h. Unexpectedly, however, clear antagonistic effects in inducing somatic pink mutations were detected after all these combined treatments. Especially, the induced mutation frequency by exposing to EMS 44 h before the MH treatment was significantly lower than that induced by MH alone. The clear mutagenic antagonisms observed were thought to have resulted from EMS-caused inhibition of activation of MH by peroxidase, EMS ethylating and thus inactivating this enzyme or its precursors. Decreased peroxidase activities than those after treatments with MH alone were measured after two combined treatments, i.e., 12 h after the one exposing to EMS 44 h before MH and 24 h after the other exposing to EMS 20 h after MH, but the decreases were not large enough or their fluctuations were too large to judge them to be statistically significant. Comparisons of mutation frequencies induced by the combined treatments exposing to EMS before MH with those by MH alone suggest that there are some mechanisms (other than ethylation of peroxidase or its precursors) by which EMS suppresses the activation of MH.

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“…For that reason, this plant-test organism is used on a broad scale in toxicological investigations. The stamen hair system of Tra-descantia has proved to be a suitable and rather sensitive tool for studying the frequency of somatic mutations induced by low doses of ionizing radiation (Sparrow et al, 1972;Ichikawa, 1992;Arutyunyan et al, 1999) and chemical mutagens (Sparrow et al, 1974;Osipova and Shevchenko, 1984;Ichikawa et al, 1990). The investigations with Tradescantia were based on the modified Osipova and Shevchenko (1984) method.…”

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confidence: 99%

Toxicity to Tradescantia of technogenic radionuclides and their mixture with heavy metals

Marčiulionienė

Montvydienė

Kiponas

et al. 2004

Environmental Toxicology

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The genotoxic effects on Tradescantia of (137)Cs, (90)Sr, and (236, 242)Pu, a heavy metal mixture [Cd, Cr(VI), Cu, Mn(II), Ni, Pb, Zn] and of a complex mixture of these toxicants were determined. The impact of radionuclides on plants subjected to ionizing radiation exposure was estimated. The number of somatic mutations and the quantity of nonviable stamen hairs were used as end points in the testing. An increase in the quantity of nonviable stamen hairs was observed with increasing internal exposure to (137)Cs, (90)Sr, and (236, 242)Pu; however, the number of somatic mutations was not observed to be dependent on ionizing radiation. The internal dose of individual radionuclides necessary to decrease the quantity of viable stamen hairs in Tradescantia by 50% can be arranged in the following sequence: (236, 242)Pu > (137)Cs > (90)Sr. Tradescantia died in the mixture of the radionuclides (90)Sr, (137)Cs, and (236)Pu (5 x 10(-2), 7 x 10(-5), and 4 x 10(-10) Gy, respectively) after 14 days, whereas the heavy metal mixture caused somatic mutations in 3% of the Tradescantia and nonviable stamen hairs in 7% but no mortality. However, the Tradescantia died in a combined mixture of these heavy metals and the radionuclides after 14 days. On the basis of all these observations, it can be concluded that the toxic effect of radionuclides was more significant than that of heavy metals.

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Somatic mutation frequencies in Tradescantia stamen hairs treated with aqueous solutions of ethyl methanesulfonate and methyl methanesulfonate.

Cited by 30 publications

References 28 publications

Mutagenic synergism detected between 1,2-dibromoethane and X rays in the stamen hairs of Tradescantia clone BNL 4430.

Mutagenic synergism detected between 1,2-dibromoethane and X rays in the stamen hairs of Tradescantia clone BNL 4430.

Antagonistic effects of ethyl methanesulfonate and maleic hydrazide in inducing somatic mutations in the stamen hairs of Tradescantia clone BNL 4430.

Toxicity to Tradescantia of technogenic radionuclides and their mixture with heavy metals

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