Somatic embryogenesis in peanut: Influence of growth regulators and sugars

Abstract

A b s t r a c tSomatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration were induced from immature embryonal axes and immature cotyledons of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. fastigata type cv JLM-1). Influence of different auxins, cytokinins and sugars on somatic embryogenesis from immature cotyledon explants was also investigated. Among the different auxins tested, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was most effective, producing the highest frequency of responding cultures and highest average number of somatic embryos per responding culture, while dicamba, picloram, indolepropionic acid, a-naphthaleneacetic acid, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxypropionic acid and a-naphthoxyacetic acid were also effective for embryogenesis. Indolebutyric acid, indoleacetic acid, p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid and trichlorophenoxyacetic acid were not beneficial. Among the four cytokinins tested, zeatin slightly enhanced the frequency of somatic embryogenesis, while kinetin, 6-y-y-dimethylallylaminopurine and benzyladenine were relatively inhibitory. Among the different carbon sources tested, sucrose was the best for embryo induction and at 6% sucrose the highest frequency of responding cultures and average number of somatic embryos per explant were obtained. For inducing embryogenesis from embryonal axes, 2,4-0 was more effective than picloram. Highest plant conversion frequency from somatic embryos was obtained in presence of dicamba or NAA and using cotyledon explants.

In vitro plant regeneration of Arachis correntina (Leguminosae) through somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis

“…These plants were transferred to pots (Figure 1c-e), with an ex vitro survival rate of 80%, where they grew normally and produced seeds. Our results coincide with those that reported the effectiveness of PIC on the induction of somatic embryos of A. hypogaea (Sellars et al, 1990;Eapen and George, 1993;Little et al, 2000), A. pintoi (Rey et al, 2000), A. glabrata (Vidoz et al, 2004) and A. paraguariensis (Sellars et al, 1990).…”

Plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis inFarfugium japonicum

“…The reason was that the combination of 2,4-D and cytokinines led to the development of non-embryogénie callus. The inhibitory effect of cytokinins on somatic embryogenesis was also reported in species like Arachis hypogaea (Eapen & George 1993), Pisum sativum (Loiseau et al 1995), and Dendranthema grandiflorum (Tanaka et al 2000). The obtained result indicated that the induction of embryogénie callus was the most optimum on the MS medium containing 2-5piM 2,4-D alone.…”

Role of phytohormones and nitrogen in somatic embryogenesis induction in cell culture derived from leaflets of Azadirachta indica

“…The use of cytokinins has generally given conflicting results; although zeatin and 2,4-D enhanced somatic embryogenesis in Arachis hypogaea, the addition of other cytokinins (benzylaminopurine or kinetin) decreased the embryogenic response (Eapen and George 1993). Initially callus was green but later it turned brown.…”