Somatic embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration from immature anthers ofOpuntia ficus-indica

Elimination of Grapevine leafroll associated virus-3, Grapevine rupestris stem pitting associated virus and Grapevine virus A from a Tunisian Cultivar by Somatic Embryogenesis and Characterization of the

“…Samples of somatic embryos (0.5 cm diameter) were mounted on aluminum stubs with double sided adhesive tape and directly observed using an ESEM (Fei company, Oregon, USA), suitable for biological material observation, without prior chemical fixation. Secondary electron images were taken at an accelerating voltage of 10 to 15 kV and a vapor pressure of 0.7–0.8 Torr ( Bouamama et al, 2011 ).…”

Micropropagation of Opuntia and Other Cacti Species Through Axillary Shoot Proliferation: A Comprehensive Review

“…Although these embryos are obtained from somatic cells, they show an identical pattern of embryo development commonly observed in zygotic embryogenesis (Gomes et al, 2006 ). Somatic embryogenesis has been applied in some cacti including prickly pear cactus ( O. ficus-indica ) (Gomes et al, 2006 ; Bouamama et al, 2011 ), Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus (Moebius-Goldammer et al, 2003 ), Schlumbergera truncata (Al-Ramamneh et al, 2006 ), and Astrophytum asterias (Lema-Rumińska and Kulus, 2012 ).…”

“…Tubercles of in vitro germinated seeds of Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus evolved into somatic embryos in the presence of 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) (2–5 mg/L) and 1-naphthaleneaceticc acid (NAA) (0.1–1.1 mg/L) (Moebius-Goldammer et al, 2003 ). Indirect somatic embryogenesis can be initiated from immature anther culture in the presence of 2 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2.5 mg/L of thidiazuron (TDZ) (Bouamama et al, 2011 ). MS basal medium supplementation with 5 mg/L of TDZ and 0.2 mg/L of NAA allowed the establishment of callus culture from Christmas cactus ( S. truncata ) axillary buds' culture and the proliferation of these callus cultures into somatic embryos (Chornobrov and Bilous, 2021 ).…”

Secretome-Derived Cultured Cell System: Overview Towards Extracellular Protein Characterization and Biotechnological Applications

“…SE is already known as the most appropriate regeneration system based on the exceptional totipotency of pro-embryonic masses (PEMs) giving rise to hundred of somatic embryos able to regenerate into plants. Several explants have been used to induce PEMs including immature flower tissues [7], anthers [7,8], ovaries [7,9], microspores [10], mature and immature zygotic embryos [9,11], cotyledons [12,13], hypocotyls [13], petioles [14], root tip [15,16], shoot apex [17] and leaf explants [16,18]. Somatic embryos developed over the surface of embryogenic callus (indirect SE) or occasionally, directly from explants without intervening calls phase (direct SE).…”