Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb.

Abstract

Somatic embryogenesis (SE) has been achieved from hypocotyl-derived callus culture in Pterocarpus marsupium. Ninety percent of hypocotyl explants (excised from 12-day-old in vitro germinated axenic seedlings) produced callus on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 5 lM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 1 lM a 6-benzyladenine (BA). Induction of SE occurred after transfer of callus clumps (200 ± 20 mg fresh mass) to MS medium supplemented with BA at 2.0 lM, where a maximum of 23.0 ± 0.88 globular stage embryos per callus clump were observed after 4 weeks of culture. Subculturing of these embryos on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 lM BA, 0.1 lM a-naphthalene acetic acid and 10 lM abscisic acid significantly enhanced the maturation of somatic embryos to early cotyledonary stage, where 21.4 ± 0.32 embryos per callus clump were recorded after 4 weeks of culture. Of 30-well developed somatic embryos, 16.6 ± 0.33 germinated and subsequently converted into plantlets on halfstrength MS medium supplemented with 1.0 lM BA. The morphologically normal plantlets with well-developed roots were first transferred to 1/4-liquid MS medium for 48 h and then to pots containing autoclaved soilrite and acclimatized in a culture room. Thereafter, they were transferred to a greenhouse, where 60% of them survived.

ISSR marker‐based detection of genomic stability in Cassia occidentalis L. plantlets derived from somatic embryogenesis

“…It seems that NAA acted synergistically with BA and ABA to enhance SE maturation. Similar to our report, a combination of auxin and cytokinin was needed for maturation of SEs in Cassia angustifolia and Pterocarpus marsupium .…”

Review of Literature

“…Regeneration via adventitious shoots in woody species has been reported in Dalbergia latifolia (Lakshmisita et al 1986), Aegle marmelos (Islam et al 1993), Sesbania grandiflora (Detrez et al 1994), Liquidambar styraciflua (Kim et al 1997), Prunus avium (Hammatt and Grant 1998), D. sissoo (Pradhan et al 1998;Chand et al 2002), Azadirachta indica (Eswara et al 1998;Sharma et al 2002), Salix nigra (Lyyra et al 2006), Paulownia tomentosa (Corredoira et al 2008), Platanus occidentalis (Sun et al 2009), Jatropha curcas (Kumar et al 2010), Cassia angustifolia (Siddique et al 2010),Tabebuia donnell-smithii rose (GonzalezRodriguez et al 2010), Pterocarpus marsupium (Husain et al 2010), and Albizia lebbeck (Perveen et al 2011). …”

“…Nodal segments have been widely used for in vitro shoot proliferation of woody plants such as Syzygium cuminii (Jain and Babbar 2000), Terminalia chebula (Shyamkumar et al 2003), Oroxylum indicum (Dalal and Rai 2004), Holarrhena antidysenterica (Kumar et al 2005), Boswellia ovalifoliolata (Chandrasekhar et al 2005), Tectona grandis (Shirin et al 2005), Pterocarpus santilinus (Rajeswari and Paliwal 2006), miracle berry (Ogunsola and Ilori 2007), Stereospermum personatum (Shukla et al 2009), Vitex negundo (Ahmad and Anis 2011), and Sapindus trifoliatus (Asthana et al 2011). This is probably due to the readily available axillary buds in nodal segments that only require a trigger for bud break in contrast to root, leaf, and cotyledonary tissue that would otherwise require initiation of adventitious buds (Lombardi et al 2007, Sivanesan et al 2007) and somatic embryos (Naz et al 2008, Husain et al 2010) before any shoot regeneration is achieved.…”

“…Clonal forestry has enabled rapid genetic gain, thus opening up the possibility for domestication and massive proliferation of elite individuals within a relatively short time (Campbell et al 2003;Merkle and Nairn 2005). Micropropagation has been used in breeding programs of the most important tropical forest genera, such as Eucalyptus (Pinto et al 2002;Ruiz et al 2005), Tectona (Hausen and Pal 2003), Cedrela (Nunes et al 2002;Pena-Ramirez et al 2010), Acacia (Vengadesan et al 2002), Gmelina (Naik et al 2003), Azadirachta (Quraishi et al 2004;Morimoto et al 2006), Buchanania , Simmondsia (Bashir et al 2007), Pterocarpus (Husain et al 2010), and Tabebuia donnell-smithii rose (Gonzalez-Rodriguez et al 2010). Schaeffer (1990) defined micropropagation as the in vitro clonal propagation of plants from shoot tips or nodal explants, usually with an accelerated proliferation of shoots during subcultures.…”

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“…The most prefered basal medium for in vitro studies on P. marsupium is Murashige and Skoog (1962; MS) medium ( Table 2). Chand and Singh (2004) noted that 0.8% agar in a water-based medium was sufficient for germination of P. marsupium seed while half-strength MS medium without plant growth regulators was used for in vitro seed germination of P. marsupium (Husain et al 2007(Husain et al , 2008(Husain et al , 2010.…”