Somatic Anxiety Patterns Before, During, and After Giving a Public Speech

Assessing Communication Apprehension And Implication For Employability Among Mass Communication Students

“…Undergraduates should be taught the four stages of anxiety and how to overcome them. The anxiety stages include:Anticipation, confrontation, adaptation and release.According to Witt et al (2006), anxiety often get to its zenith at the anticipatory stage. In view of this, anxiety managementtecniques should be inculcated in the undergraduates andthey should be groomed in positive thinking,bymaking them see such situations as an opportunity for expression, rather than avoidance.…”

Physiological, psychological and behavioral consequences of activating autobiographical memories

“…Public speaking is associated with significantly elevated arousal on a wide range of physiological measures of anxiety foremost among these is cortisol level 2 (Dickerson & Kemeny, 2004;Witt et al, 2006). In addition, at least one third of the population self-report high levels of anxiety associated with public speaking (Stein, Walker, & Forde, 1996), and public speaking anxiety is the most common social anxiety in nonclinical samples (Hazen & Stein, 1995).…”

The Motion of Emotion: Idiodynamic Case Studies of Learners' Foreign Language Anxiety

“…A good deal of emotion regulation occurs automatically as a function of the autonomic nervous system (ANS; Austin, Riniolo, & Porges, ). Physical symptoms of anxiety when speaking include potentially noticeable reactions that are coordinated by the ANS (Croft et al, ; Friedman & Thayer, ), such as sweaty palms, gastrointestinal discomfort, hand tremors, and increases in heart rate (Witt et al, ). The ANS is comprised of the sympathetic nervous system, which activates the physical anxiety reaction, and the parasympathetic nervous system, which calms the body down.…”