Somatic and Dendritic Mosaics Formed by Large Ganglion Cells in the Retina of the Common House Gecko &lt;i&gt;(Hemidactylus frenatus)&lt;/i&gt;

Cook, Jeremy E.; Noden, Andrew J.

doi:10.1159/000006542

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(87 reference statements)

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“…In the present case, the pattern of GC labeling was patchy, preventing analysis of the spatial arrangement of cells assigned to different types. However, the relative dendritic field size, pattern of dendrite course, and stratification of type 1 and 2 cells are similar to their counterparts in other nonmammalian species (often named α a and α c , respectively), supporting the hypothesis of symplesiomorphy and the potential homology of large GCs in nonmammals (Cook and Noden, ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Retinal ganglion cells in the Pacific redfin, Tribolodon brandtii dybowski, 1872: Morphology and diversity

Pushchin

Karetin

2014

J of Comparative Neurology

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We studied the morphology and diversity of retinal ganglion cells in the Pacific redfin, Tribolodon brandtii. These cells were retrogradely labeled with horseradish peroxidase and examined in retinal whole mounts. A sample of 203 cells was drawn with a camera lucida. A total of 19 structural parameters were estimated for each cell, and a variety of clustering algorithms were used to classify the cells. The optimal solution was determined by using silhouette analysis. It was based on three variables associated with dendritic field size and dendrite stratification in the retina. Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA-on-ranks with post hoc Mann-Whitney U tests showed significant pairwise between-cluster differences in two or more of the original variables. In total, eight cell types were discovered. The advantages and drawbacks of the methodology adopted are discussed. The present classification is compared with classifications proposed for other teleosts.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Retinal ganglion cells in the Pacific redfin, Tribolodon brandtii dybowski, 1872: Morphology and diversity

Pushchin

Karetin

2014

J of Comparative Neurology

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“…All three types are arranged as regular mosaics spatially independent from each other, providing strong evidence for their being natural GC types (Cook et al, ; Cook, ). Cell types similar to α a , α c , and biplexiform cells are also found in nonmammalian species (e.g., Cook and Noden, ; Pushchin and Karetin, ). Their presence in the Steller's sculpin supports the hypothesis of the symplesiomorphy and potential homology of large GCs in nonmammals (Cook et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The major drawback of the present approach is that it cannot distinguish between cell similarity due to shared ancestry (homology) and that due to structural and functional convergence or parallelism. Like nearly all neuronal classification schemes to date, therefore, this approach is “Linnaean” (Cook, ), taking into account only observed similarities. To circumvent this limitation, studies comparing the differentiation and gene‐expression histories of specific cell types and their ontogenetic lineage relationships in different species could be used to disconfirm hypotheses of homology, and the embryonic lineages themselves could be used as additional characters for cladistic ("Darwinian") classification.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Identifying homologous neuron types in related species is essential for understanding the evolution of nervous structures. It has been taken for granted that neuronal types should be discovered and not defined (Cook, ). It would be advantageous to classify nerve cells using a wide variety of characteristics related to their structure, physiology, and development.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Structure and diversity of retinal ganglion cells in steller's sculpin Myoxocephalus stelleri tilesius, 1811

Pushchin

2016

J of Comparative Neurology

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We studied the morphology and diversity of retinal ganglion cells in Steller's sculpin Myoxocephalus stelleri. The cells were retrogradely labeled with horseradish peroxidase and examined in retinal wholemounts. A sample of 123 cells were camera lucida-drawn and digitized. A total of 18 structural parameters were estimated for each cell. The cells were classified using 10 clustering algorithms. The optimum solution was determined using silhouette analysis. It contained eight clusters and was based on three variables: dendritic field area, vitread stratification boundary, and stratification range. Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance (ANOVA)-on-Ranks with post-hoc Mann-Whitney U-tests showed significant pairwise between-cluster differences in two or more of the original variables. The present classification is compared with those proposed for other teleosts. J. Comp. Neurol. 525:1122-1138, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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“…Sci. 65(10): 1135-1137, 2003 On the basis of several morphological features such as the size and shape of soma, dendritic branching pattern, stratification of dendrites, axon caliber, and central projections, the classification of the mature retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) was attempted in the various vertebrates, mammals [1,2,6,12,13,16], birds [4,11,17], reptiles [9], amphibians [14], and fish [7]. However, little is known about when and how the RGCs achieved their characteristic features during development.…”

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confidence: 99%

Changes in Somal Growth and Dendritic Patterns of the Retinal Ganglion Cells in the Chicks and Chick Embryos

Chen

Shibata

et al. 2003

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Changes in the somal growth and dendritic patterns of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) were studied in early chick embryos and post-hatching chicks by means of the retrograde axonal transport labeling with DiI. Branching patterns of the dendrites were relatively uniform on E8 (embryonic day 8) and became more complicated on E11. Variety of the branching pattern became plainly abundant after E14. On the other hand, somata of RGCs continued to grow until E14, corresponding the appearance of the central-peripheral gradient of the somal size. After E14, RGCs elaborated on the formation of the dendritic patterns as found in chick retina, and simultaneously the growth of somal sizes almost ceased. KEY WORDS: chick embryo, differentiation, retinal ganglion cell.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 65(10): 1135-1137, 2003 On the basis of several morphological features such as the size and shape of soma, dendritic branching pattern, stratification of dendrites, axon caliber, and central projections, the classification of the mature retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) was attempted in the various vertebrates, mammals [1,2,6,12,13,16], birds [4,11,17], reptiles [9], amphibians [14], and fish [7]. However, little is known about when and how the RGCs achieved their characteristic features during development. We reported that the cell number increased by addition of newly born RGCs in the peripheral area until E14 [5,6], although preferential cell death occurred in the peripheral retina simultaneously [8,15]. In this paper, therefore, we report the relation between a growing rate of somal sizes and changes of dendritic patterns of chick RGCs to investigate the developmental factors for the classification of RGCs.White Leghorn chick embryos E8 (8 days of incubation), E11, E14, E17 and chicks P1 (post-hatching day 1) were perfused with 1% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4, 4°C) under deep anesthesia (pentobarbital sodium, 45 µg/g BW) [4]. Eyeballs attached to the optic nerve were dissected out from the orbit by cutting the optic nerve close to the optic chiasm. Small crystals of carbocyanine dye, DiI (1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate; Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR) were implanted in the caudal cut-surface of the optic nerve. After incubation in the same perfusion solution (pH 7.4, 37°C) for 3-6 weeks, the retinas were examined under the fluorescence microscope (excitation filter 540 nm, absorption filter 590 nm, Olympus). Ten to fifteen small retinal areas (22.8 µm 2 ) were sampled from the presumptive central area of retina (pCA, see Chen and Naito [5]) and the peripheral retina for measurement of somal sizes in the ganglion cell layer (GCL). Images of RGCs were recorded on high-sensitive film (Tmax ISO 3200, Kodak) using an × 20 or × 40 objective, and the photomicrograph images were magnified at × 5 using a image-enlarger. Outlines of the cells were traced on white paper. The image data were inputted to an image analysis system (Luzex III, Nireco Co., Tokyo, Japan) via TV camera, and were repor...

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Somatic and Dendritic Mosaics Formed by Large Ganglion Cells in the Retina of the Common House Gecko <i>(Hemidactylus frenatus)</i>

Cited by 19 publications

References 37 publications

Retinal ganglion cells in the Pacific redfin, Tribolodon brandtii dybowski, 1872: Morphology and diversity

Retinal ganglion cells in the Pacific redfin, Tribolodon brandtii dybowski, 1872: Morphology and diversity

Structure and diversity of retinal ganglion cells in steller's sculpin Myoxocephalus stelleri tilesius, 1811

Changes in Somal Growth and Dendritic Patterns of the Retinal Ganglion Cells in the Chicks and Chick Embryos

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