Structure and diversity of retinal ganglion cells in steller's sculpin <i>Myoxocephalus stelleri</i> tilesius, 1811

Pushchin, Igor

doi:10.1002/cne.24121

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Obviously, we could not include the INL to the present analysis as this would result in including orthotopic amacrine cells into the counts and a considerable bias in the GC density estimates. However, there is some evidence that most (if not all) GCs displaced to the INL in bony fishes belong to large‐field types (Pushchin, 2017; Pushchin & Karetin, 2014). In bony fishes, the density of large‐field GC types is very low (Cook & Becker, 1991; Cook et al, 1996; Pushchin & Kondrashev, 2003) suggesting that their proportion to all GCs is quite small.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal ganglion cell topography and spatial resolution in the Japanese smelt Hypomesus nipponensis (McAllister, 1963)

2020

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Vision plays a crucial role in the life of the vast majority of vertebrate species. The spatial arrangement of retinal ganglion cells has been reported to be related to a species’ visual behavior. There are many studies focusing on the ganglion cell topography in bony fish species. However, there are still large gaps in our knowledge on the subject. We studied the topography of retinal ganglion cells (GCs) in the Japanese smelt Hypomesus nipponensis, a highly visual teleostean fish with a complex life cycle. DAPI labeling was used to visualize cell nuclei in the ganglion cell and inner plexiform layers. The ganglion cell layer was relatively thin (about 6‐8 μm), even in areas of increased cell density (area retinae temporalis), and was normally composed of a single layer of cells. In all retinal regions, rare cells occurred in the inner plexiform layer. Nissl‐stained retinae were used to estimate the proportion of displaced amacrine cells and glia in different retinal regions. In all retinal regions, about 84.5% of cells in the GC layer were found to be ganglion cells. The density of GCs varied across the retina in a regular way. It was minimum (3990 and 2380 cells/mm2 in the smaller and larger fish, respectively) in the dorsal and ventral periphery. It gradually increased centripetally and reached a maximum of 14,275 and 10,960 cells/mm2 (in the smaller and larger fish, respectively) in the temporal retina, where a pronounced area retinae temporalis was detected. The total number of GCs varied from 177 × 103 (smaller fish) to 212 × 103 cells (larger fish). The theoretical anatomical spatial resolution (the anatomical estimate of the upper limit of visual acuity calculated from the density of GCs and eye geometry and expressed in cycles per degree) was minimum in the ventral periphery (smaller fish, 1.46 cpd; larger fish, 1.26 cpd) and maximum in area retinae temporalis (smaller fish, 2.83 cpd; larger fish, 2.75 cpd). The relatively high density of GCs and the presence of area retinae temporalis in the Japanese smelt are consistent with its highly visual behavior. The present findings contribute to our understanding of the factors affecting the topography of retinal ganglion cells and visual acuity in fish.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal ganglion cell topography and spatial resolution in the Japanese smelt Hypomesus nipponensis (McAllister, 1963)

2020

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“…The authors have classified a sample of 154 GCs into nine types. As in their previous studies on GC classification in fish (Pushchin, 2017; Pushchin & Karetin, 2014), the optimum solutions were based on functionally important parameters related to DF size and dendrite arborization boundaries in the IPL. In all three studies, these parameters were characterized by relatively high MIs (0.51–0.88) suggesting their high discriminative power; consistent with this, the majority of the clusters differed significantly in these parameters (see Table 4 in the present and previous studies).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fish 18–21 cm long were caught in the Bay of Peter the Great (Sea of Japan) in September 2005 and kept in an aerated aquarium at 13–15°C under a natural light/dark cycle. Retinal GCs were in vivo retrogradely labelled with horseradish peroxidase (Sigma Type VI) and visualized on retinal wholemounts as described in Pushchin (2017). A total of four fish were used in these experiments.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The number of morphological and physiological GC types identified in a single teleostean species does not exceed 15 ( e.g ., Aliper et al ., 2019; Hitchcock & Easter, 1986; Mangrum et al ., 2002; Pushchin, 2017). Nonetheless, some types could be missed in these studies.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, the authors studied the structural diversity of GCs in Steller's sculpin Myoxocephalus stelleri and Pacific redfin Tribolodon brandtii using modern exploratory data analysis techniques (Pushchin, 2017; Pushchin & Karetin, 2014). Here, they adopted the same methodology to classify GCs in a scorpaeniform fish, the masked greenling Hexagrammos octogrammus .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The structure and diversity of retinal ganglion cells in the masked greenling Hexagrammos octogrammus Pallas, 1814 (Pisces: Scorpaeniformes: Hexagrammidae)

Pushchin

Kondrashev

Borshcheva

2022

Journal of Fish Biology

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The authors studied the structure and diversity of retinal ganglion cells (GC) in the masked greenling Hexagrammos octogrammus. In vivo labelling with horseradish peroxidase revealed GCs of various structures in retinal wholemounts. A total of 154 cells were camera lucida drawn, and their digital models were generated. Each cell was characterized by 17 structural and topological parameters. Using nine clustering algorithms, a variety of clusterings were obtained. The optimum clustering was found using silhouette analysis. It was based on a set of three variables associated with dendritic field size and dendrite stratification depth in the retina. A total of nine cell types were discovered. A number of non-parametric tests showed significant pair-wise between-cluster differences in at least four parameters with medium and large effect sizes. Three large-field types differed mainly in dendritic field size, total dendrite length, level of dendrite stratification in the retina and position of somata.Six medium-to small-field types differed mainly in the structural complexity of dendritic arbors and level of dendrite arborization. Cells similar and obviously homologous to types 1-4 were identified in many fish species, including teleosts. Potential homologues of type 5 cells were identified in fewer teleost species. Cells similar to types 6-9 in relative dendritic field size and dendrite arborization pattern were also described in several teleostean species. Nonetheless, their homology is more questionable as their stratification patterns do not match so well as they do in large types.Potential functional matches of the GC types were identified in a number of teleostean species. Type 1 and 2 cells probably match spontaneously active units with the large receptive field centre, so-called dimming and lightening detectors; type 4 may be a counterpart of changing contrast detectors with medium receptive field centre size preferring fast-moving stimuli. Type 3 (biplexiform) cells have no obvious functional matches. Probable functional matches of types 6, 8 and 9 belong to ON-centre elements with small receptive fields such as ON-type direction-selective cells, ON-type spot detectors or ON-type spontaneously active units. Type 5 and 7 cells may match ON-OFF type units, in particular, changing contrast detectors or orientation-selective units. Potential functional matches of GC types presently

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Single-cell genetics approach in ophthalmology

Leung

Shinozaki

Koizumi

et al. 2022

Handbook of Basic and Clinical Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics

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Structure and diversity of retinal ganglion cells in steller's sculpin Myoxocephalus stelleri tilesius, 1811

Cited by 3 publications

References 59 publications

Retinal ganglion cell topography and spatial resolution in the Japanese smelt Hypomesus nipponensis (McAllister, 1963)

Retinal ganglion cell topography and spatial resolution in the Japanese smelt Hypomesus nipponensis (McAllister, 1963)

The structure and diversity of retinal ganglion cells in the masked greenling Hexagrammos octogrammus Pallas, 1814 (Pisces: Scorpaeniformes: Hexagrammidae)

Single-cell genetics approach in ophthalmology

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