Solvents, in which ionic surfactants do not affect the zeta potential

Kosmulski, Marek; Próchniak, Piotr; Rosenholm, Jarl B.

doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2009.10.020

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In solvents with intermediate polarities (e r E 25), changing surfactant concentration has little effect on the charge of the particles. 27,28 The same effect has been observed for the aggregation of surfactants in solvents of widely different polarities; there is a region of intermediate ''solvent quality'' where no significant aggregation occurs. 29 In this review, the nature of the surfactants in nonpolar solvents and their role in introducing charge into these systems will be considered.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Controlling colloid charge in nonpolar liquids with surfactants

Smith

Eastoe

2013

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

146

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The formation of ions in nonpolar solvents (with relative permittivity ε r of approximately 2) is more difficult than in polar liquids; however, these charged species play an important role in many applications, such as electrophoretic displays. The low permittivities (ε r) of these solvents mean that charges have to be separated by large distances to be stable (approximately 28 nm or 40 times that in water). The inverse micelles formed by surfactants in these solvents provide an environment to stabilize ions and charges. Common surfactants used are sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate (Aerosol OT or AOT), polyisobutylene succinimide, sorbitan oleate, and zirconyl 2-ethyl hexanoate. The behavior of charged inverse micelles has been studied on both the bulk and on the microscopic scale and can be used to determine the motion of the micelles, their structure, and the nature of the electrostatic double layer. Colloidal particles are only weakly charged in the absence of surfactant, but in the presence of surfactants, many types, including polymers, metal oxides, carbon blacks, and pigments, have been observed to become positively or negatively charged. Several mechanisms have been proposed as the origin of surface charge, including acid-base reactions between the colloid and the inverse micelle, preferential adsorption of charged inverse micelles, or dissolution of surface species. While most studies vary only the concentration of surfactant, systematic variation of the particle surface chemistry or the surfactant structure have provided insight into the origin of charging in nonpolar liquids. By carefully varying system parameters and working to understand the interactions between surfactants and colloidal surfaces, further advances will be made leading to better understanding of the origin of charge and to the development of more effective surfactants.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Controlling colloid charge in nonpolar liquids with surfactants

Smith

Eastoe

2013

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

146

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“…Whereas in hydrocarbons and other apolar solvents, the trend is reversed, because, large ions remain in solution, and small ions adsorb. So, the positive zeta potential is induced by the anionic surfactants whereas the negative zeta potential is induced by the cationic surfactants in apolar solvents [118] …”

Section: Importance and Application Of Zeta Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting Zeta Potential, the Key Feature of Interfacial Phenomena, with Applications and Recent Advancements

et al. 2022

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Surface of a particle is inevitably charged. When the particle is surrounded by a fluid a potential difference arises between the surface and bulk, called zeta potential (ζ) which controls many interfacial properties of the particle involving in suspension, emulsion, colloid etc. Many phenomena happening around us have at least one step that passes through an interface. Thus, the application of ζ is practically uncountable. Discovered in late 19th century, almost past 120 years, the application of ζ has emerged in many areas to meet the fruitful need of mankind. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no report disclosed citing the applications at one place as a ready tool for the readers. The present review accumulates extensive survey of literature, bringing out various aspects of ζ in chemistry, engineering, biology, material, and environmental sciences. A brief theoretical background mentioning the principle and practical applications were focused.

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“…Organosols are of general interest, for example, as inorganic nanoparticles as acid-neutralizers in petrochemical fluids [2]. Furthermore, mineral oxides can be charged by surfactants in nonpolar solvents [3][4][5][6][7][8]. Of the many possible inorganic nanoparticles, silica has by far been the most studied [7,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Magnetic Field Responsementioning

confidence: 99%