Solvent retention in thin polymer films studied by gas chromatography

Garcia-Turiel, Javier; Jérôme, Bruno

doi:10.1007/s00396-007-1733-6

Cited by 51 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…This is corroborated by research that showed that solvent removal from polymeric thin films is not trivial [37,38]. This article explores how the initial morphology of the P3HT:PCBM BHJ layer can be controlled through the use of solvent additives, how these impurities affect the thermal stability of the BHJ morphology, and device performance over time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Correlating dilute solvent interactions to morphology and OPV device performance

Chang

Jacobs

Augustine

et al. 2013

Organic Electronics

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a b s t r a c tSolvent additives have been explored as a reliable way to control the morphology in bulkheterojunction (BHJ) layers for improved device performance. We show that the choice of solvent additives has direct implications on morphological evolution, i.e. poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT): [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) BHJ films processed with a small amount of 1,8-diiodooctane or 1-chloronaphthalene have more crystalline PCBM domains compared to crystalline P3HT domains, while the opposite is true for films cast with nitrobenzene additive and films cast purely from chlorobenzene. The BHJ film cross-links when annealed at 300°C in the presence of 1,8-diiodooctane. Cross-linking is found to occur even in pristine P3HT and PCBM films annealed under similar conditions. NMR spectroscopy is presented as a viable technique for quantitative analysis of the amount of solvents left in the BHJ films before and after heat treatment. Despite differences in the ways the additives affect the morphology of the BHJ layer, device performance remained stable over 300 h for all additives tested.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Correlating dilute solvent interactions to morphology and OPV device performance

Chang

Jacobs

Augustine

et al. 2013

Organic Electronics

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“…In particular, based on the comparison of the dPS-PMMA-OH and PMMA-PS-SH results, the presence of residual solvent in films post washing was hypothesized to have a significant effect. Reports in the literature have noted that both the content of solvent in very thin films is relatively high 29 and that the solvent can influence phase behavior. 30 To test this hypothesis, a single SCFT calculation was performed on a tethered diblock copolymer system (L/aN 1/2 = 0.45) in the presence of solvent.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lateral Phase Separation in Grafted Diblock Copolymer Films

et al. 2010

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Tethered films of polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) copolymers of varying composition and molecular weight were investigated using atomic force microscopy and the observed structures compared with theoretical predictions. Although the experimental results were in qualitative agreement with the theory, there was significant quantitative variation. This was attributed to the presence of solvent in the films prior to and during annealing, a hypothesis supported by new preliminary calculations reported here. Solvent exchange experiments (where a good solvent for both polymer blocks was gradually replaced by a selective solvent), were also performed on the films. This procedure generated textured films in which the structure was defined by miscibility of the polymer blocks with the second solvent.

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“…35 However, it might not be a contradiction because García-Turiel and Jérome investigated annealed PS films, whereas our study focuses on untreated films probed directly after spin-coating.…”

Section: Influence Of Film Thicknessmentioning

confidence: 95%

Solvent Content in Thin Spin-Coated Polystyrene Homopolymer Films

et al. 2008

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The solvent content of thin polystyrene (PS) films, spin-coated from protonated and deuterated toluene onto silicon substrates, is investigated. Neutron reflectometry (NR) is used to probe the total remaining solvent inside the PS films in a nondestructive and noninvasive way. In freshly prepared films, the investigated parameters are the molecular weight of PS and the total film thickness. Moreover, the effect of postproduction treatment by annealing at temperatures below and above the glass transition of PS as well as long-term storage over 2 years are examined to deduce the reduction of the remaining solvent. The remaining solvent content increases with increasing molecular weight and with increasing film thickness. An enrichment of toluene at the Si/polymer interface is found. Under the different annealing and storage conditions tested, the remaining solvent is not totally removed. The observed behavior is discussed in the framework of polymer thin films and compared with results obtained by alternative experimental approaches.

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Solvent retention in thin polymer films studied by gas chromatography

Cited by 51 publications

References 65 publications

Correlating dilute solvent interactions to morphology and OPV device performance

Correlating dilute solvent interactions to morphology and OPV device performance

Lateral Phase Separation in Grafted Diblock Copolymer Films

Solvent Content in Thin Spin-Coated Polystyrene Homopolymer Films

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