“Solvent-Less” Mechanochemical Approach to the Synthesis of Pyrimidine Derivatives

Abstract

Modified ZnO NPs were synthesized through a sol–gel route with an aromatic capping agent to provide a highly efficient catalyst, NS-5, for the one-pot multicomponent synthesis of various pyrimidine derivatives using a solvent-free ball milling technique. Greenness of the present method was evaluated by calculating an Ecoscale score and E-factor. Characteristics of the method include use of a recyclable catalyst, scale-up to a multigram scale, and ease of product isolation.

The EcoScale as a framework for undergraduate green chemistry teaching and assessment

“…A major strength of this approach is that it allows the direct comparison of different routes towards the same target compound. The EcoScale has found favor as an assessment tool in academic laboratories (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25) and has been modified for industrial purposes (26). It has also been incorporated into some undergraduate pedagogical laboratory exercises (9,27), although it has not, to our knowledge, been utilized as a formal way to evaluate student learning and understanding of green chemistry.…”

Green Preparation and Structure Elucidation of Spiro Indole Derivatives Using Grindstone Technique

“…In this study, we report the development of a solvent-free mechanochemical 31,32 approach for the multicomponent 33,34 synthesis of a series of Spiro indole derivatives in one step by the reaction of isatin, malononitrile and rhodanine using grindstone chemistry technique as shown in Scheme I. The three starting compounds were mixed in a porcelain mortar at room temperature in the presence of few drops of piperidine and ground for 5-10 minutes.…”

Mechanical Energy before Chemical Energy at the Origins of Life?

“…How feasible is synthetic mechanochemistry, in practice? Synthetic organic mechanochemistry has been used to produce many organic molecules, including pyrimidines [22], peptides, nucleosides, optically active products, oxidations, reductions, condensations, nucleophilic reactions, and cascade reactions [23]. The industrial appeal of synthetic organic mechanochemistry is that it reduces the use of solvents.…”