Solvent inhalation (toluene and <i>n</i>‐hexane) during the brain growth spurt impairs the maturation of frontal, parietal and occipital cerebrocortical neurons in rats

Pascual, Rodrigo; Aedo, Luz; Meneses, Juan Carlos; Vergara, Daniela; Reyes, Álvaro; Bustamante, Carlos

doi:10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2010.06.003

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…34 Maternal benzene exposure increased risks for spina bifida 35 and was associated with reductions in a mental development index. 36 Possible mechanisms of neurodevelopmental toxicity for toluene, based on studies of abusive use, include suppressed immune functions 37 and oxidative-stress mechanisms, 38 as well as morphological 39 and functional brain receptor interferences that during brain development may lead to neurobehavioral disturbances. 40 Thus, several of the pollutants we found to be related to autistic disorder plausibly interfere with the developing nervous system in utero.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Utero Exposure to Toxic Air Pollutants and Risk of Childhood Autism

et al. 2014

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Background Genetic and environmental factors are believed to contribute to the development of autism, but relatively few studies have considered potential environmental risks. Here we examine risks for autism in children related to in utero exposure to monitored ambient air toxics from urban emissions. Methods Among the cohort of children born in Los Angeles County, California 1995–2006, those whose mothers resided during pregnancy in a 5km buffer around air-toxics monitoring stations were included (n=148,722). To identify autism cases in this cohort, birth records were linked to records of children diagnosed with primary autistic disorder at the California Department of Developmental Services between 1998 and 2009 (n=768). We calculated monthly average exposures during pregnancy for 24 air toxics selected based on suspected or known neurotoxicity or neurodevelopmental toxicity. Factor analysis helped us identify the correlational structure among air toxics, and we estimated odds ratios (ORs) for autism from logistic regression analyses. Results Autism risks were increased per interquartile-range increase in average concentrations during pregnancy of several correlated toxics mostly loading on one factor, including 1,3-butadiene (OR=1.59 [95% confidence interval=1.18–2.15]), meta/para-xylene (1.51 [1.26–182]), other aromatic solvents, lead (1.49 [1.23–1.81]), perchloroethylene (1.40 [1.09–1.80]), and formaldehyde (1.34 [1.17–1.52]), adjusting for maternal age, race/ethnicity, nativity, education, insurance type, maternal birth place, parity, child sex, and birth year. Conclusions Risks for autism in children may increase following in utero exposure to ambient air toxics from urban traffic and industry emissions, as measured by community-based air -monitoring stations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Utero Exposure to Toxic Air Pollutants and Risk of Childhood Autism

et al. 2014

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“…16 While toluene does not carry the same stigma as reporting alcohol or illicit drug misuse during pregnancy, 2 it is highly lipid soluble, readily crosses the placenta, is absorbed into both fetal and maternal fat and brain tissue, and is a known teratogen. [17][18][19] Indeed, the phrase fetal solvent syndrome is frequently used as a descriptor of the myriad of physical and behavioral effects that can develop following high levels of solvent exposure. 6,20 As with fetal alcohol syndrome, low birth weight (BW) is one of the most common physiological outcomes of prenatal solvent exposure in humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in developmental body weight as a function of toluene exposure

et al. 2015

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Inhalant abuse is a globally prevalent health issue with particular concerns about substance-abusing pregnant women. In both animal models and clinical case reports of toluene exposure, the primary physiological outcome measure of prenatal inhalant exposure is low birth weight (BW). However, the effect of prenatal toluene exposure on animal BW varies widely in the literature. To clarify this effect and investigate possible design moderators of pup BW, a systematic review and meta-analytic techniques were applied to the existing peer-reviewed animal literature of prenatal and postnatal exposure models to the inhaled solvent toluene. Of 288 studies screened, 24 studies satisfied the inclusion criteria. Evaluation of these studies indicated that toluene exposure was negatively associated with pup BW ( d = −0.39), with external inhaled concentration, route of administration, day of weighing, and toluene exposure magnitude moderating this association. Investigators doing animal studies should be cognizant of these factors before investigating the reproductive and developmental outcomes associated with prenatal and postnatal toluene exposure.

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“…Reduced foetal weight and developmental defects have been observed after maternal n-hexane exposure during pregnancy (Daughtrey et al, 1994;Marks et al, 1980;Stoltenburg-Didinger et al, 1990). A recent study also reported that n-hexane inhalation during the period of brain growth impaired the nervous centralis (Pascual et al, 2010). Nonetheless, few studies have focused on reproductive disorders in adult females after in utero n-hexane exposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%