Solvent front position extraction procedure for preparation of biological samples with coccidiostats for liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry determination

Solvent front position extraction with semi-automatic device as a powerful sample preparation procedure to quantitatitation of tryptophan in human plasma

“…As it was presented in our previous papers 30 – 32 , 35 the precision and accuracy of the SFPE technique are based on the premise that both sample components and the internal standard after chromatogram developments were evenly distributed in the focused common zone of the final solvent front position. The obtaining of the final solvent front position was preceded by additional chromatogram development which allowed cleaning the sample solution from matrix components showing weaker and stronger retention than the solutes of interest.…”

“…Before chromatogram development the plates were washed in methanol for 1 min. Next, the plates were dried in the air and activated in an oven at 105-110 • C for 15 min [31][32][33]35 .…”

“…In our previous papers we proposed the modern approach to sample preparation procedure, especially for biological samples 30 – 32 . The procedure is named as the Solvent Front Position Extraction (SFPE) 31 and is based on the following steps 30 – 32 : (a) the internal standard (IS) is added to the sample, (b) a drop of the sample solution is applied on the chromatographic plate, (c) the chromatogram is developed to locate the substance/s of interest and internal standard/s zones at the final solvent front position, (d) the substance/s and internal standard are extracted from this zone (or its part) and transferred to the instrumental device for quantitation. The procedure was tested, with very satisfactory results, for preparation of samples of serum matrix, which was fortified with the solute of interest (acetaminophen) and internal standard (acetanilide) 30 .…”

Determination of Eight Coccidiostats in Eggs by Liquid–Liquid Extraction–Solid-Phase Extraction and Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

“…The reported studies on the determination of these anticoccidials drugs mostly use C18 [17][18][19][20][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] or C8 [21,22,30] columns and involve separation from animal-derived foods. Most of the anticoccidial drug residues in eggs are separated by C18 columns because the carbon chain is long, which increases the area of nonpolar interaction of the bonded phase and affects retention and selectivity.…”

“…In recent years, LC-MS/MS has been commonly used to detect and analyze anticoccidial agents in animal-derived foods. Residues of anticoccidial drugs in food samples of animal origin usually require sample pretreatment steps, mainly including liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) [17,25]; solid-phase extraction (SPE) [18,31,33]; solvent front position extraction (SFPE) [20]; quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) extraction [22,23]; gel permeation chromatography (GPC) [29]; and LLE-SPE [19,27]. The egg matrix is complex and rich in phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, etc.…”