Solvent‐Free Nanofluids and Reactive Nanofluids

Texter, John

doi:10.1002/9783527804948.ch10

Cited by 5 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…For other reactive nanofluids, such as acrylate-modified nanosilicas, loaded at 1 wt%, to a THPETA resin can result in a decreased hardness modulus and increased storage modulus, and, thus, increase the toughnness of the nanocomposite [ 42 , 126 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, the tensile strength of the PU hybrid was 30.7 MPa (twice higher than that of PU matrix with was 16.3 MPa), the elongation was 625 % (larger than that in non-ionic PU nanocomposites [124,125]) by addition of 4 wt% ionic nanosilica and the hardness of PU hybrid reached a maximum of 80.4°C when 6 wt% ionic nanosilicas were added as can be seen in Figure 10 [41]. For other reactive nanofluids, such as acrylate-modified nanosilicas, loaded at 1 wt%, to a THPETA resin can result in a decreased hardness modulus and increased storage modulus, and, thus, increase the toughnness of the nanocomposite [42,126].…”

Section: Mechanical Properties 221 Spherical Nanofillersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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From Ionic Nanoparticle Organic Hybrids to Ionic Nanocomposites: Structure, Dynamics, and Properties: A Review

Karatrantos

Mugemana²,

Bouhala³

et al. 2022

Nanomaterials

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Ionic nanoparticle organic hybrids have been the focus of research for almost 20 years, however the substitution of ionic canopy by an ionic-entangled polymer matrix was implemented only recently, and can lead to the formulation of ionic nanocomposites. The functionalization of nanoparticle surface by covalently grafting a charged ligand (corona) interacting electrostatically with the oppositely charged canopy (polymer matrix) can promote the dispersion state and stability which are prerequisites for property “tuning”, polymer reinforcement, and fabrication of high-performance nanocomposites. Different types of nanoparticle, shape (spherical or anisotropic), loading, graft corona, polymer matrix type, charge density, molecular weight, can influence the nanoparticle dispersion state, and can alter the rheological, mechanical, electrical, self-healing, and shape-memory behavior of ionic nanocomposites. Such ionic nanocomposites can offer new properties and design possibilities in comparison to traditional polymer nanocomposites. However, to achieve a technological breakthrough by designing and developing such ionic nanomaterials, a synergy between experiments and simulation methods is necessary in order to obtain a fundamental understanding of the underlying physics and chemistry. Although there are a few coarse-grained simulation efforts to disclose the underlying physics, atomistic models and simulations that could shed light on the interphase, effect of polymer and nanoparticle chemistry on behavior, are completely absent.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanical Properties 221 Spherical Nanofillersmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Ionic Nanoparticle Organic Hybrids to Ionic Nanocomposites: Structure, Dynamics, and Properties: A Review

Karatrantos

Mugemana²,

Bouhala³

et al. 2022

Nanomaterials

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“…Larger PIL formation can occur by these CIL species reacting with other monomers or with themselves . Such CILs are macromonomers that are composed of smaller reactive IL monomers, such as the imidazolium alkoxysilane illustrated in Scheme .…”

Section: Synthesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While much of the effort devoted to the development of PILs has been in polymer chemistry and topology, involving linear and network chemistries, several of these new interfaces focus on colloidal aspects that introduce significant topological departures in dimensionality. These departures invite a renormalization of our perspective that affords us a view that PILs subsume, for example, liquid biomacromolecules, porous liquids, and liquid two-dimensional (2D) objects . All such examples may be termed liquid polymerized ionic liquids (LPILs) by applying the definition that ionic liquids are organic salts that melt below 100 °C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymerized and Colloidal Ionic Liquids─Syntheses and Applications

Li,

Yan,

Texter

2024

Chem. Rev.

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The breadth and importance of polymerized ionic liquids (PILs) are steadily expanding, and this review updates advances and trends in syntheses, properties, and applications over the past five to six years. We begin with an historical overview of the genesis and growth of the PIL field as a subset of materials science. The genesis of ionic liquids (ILs) over nano to meso lengthscales exhibiting 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D topologies defines colloidal ionic liquids, CILs, which compose a subclass of PILs and provide a synthetic bridge between IL monomers (ILMs) and micro to macroscale PIL materials. The second focus of this review addresses design and syntheses of ILMs and their polymerization reactions to yield PILs and PIL-based materials. A burgeoning diversity of ILMs reflects increasing use of nonimidazolium nuclei and an expanding use of step-growth chemistries in synthesizing PIL materials. Radical chain polymerization remains a primary method of making PILs and reflects an increasing use of controlled polymerization methods.Step-growth chemistries used in creating some CILs utilize extensive cross-linking. This cross-linking is enabled by incorporating reactive functionalities in CILs and PILs, and some of these CILs and PILs may be viewed as exotic cross-linking agents. The third part of this update focuses upon some advances in key properties, including molecular weight, thermal properties, rheology, ion transport, self-healing, and stimuli-responsiveness. Glass transitions, critical solution temperatures, and liquidity are key thermal properties that tie to PIL rheology and viscoelasticity. These properties in turn modulate mechanical properties and ion transport, which are foundational in increasing applications of PILs. Cross-linking in gelation and ionogels and reversible step-growth chemistries are essential for self-healing PILs. Stimuli-responsiveness distinguishes PILs from many other classes of polymers, and it emphasizes the importance of segmentally controlling and tuning solvation in CILs and PILs. The fourth part of this review addresses development of applications, and the diverse scope of such applications supports the increasing importance of PILs in materials science. Adhesion applications are supported by ionogel properties, especially crosslinking and solvation tunable interactions with adjacent phases. Antimicrobial and antifouling applications are consequences of the cationic nature of PILs. Similarly, emulsion and dispersion applications rely on tunable solvation of functional groups and on how such groups interact with continuous phases and substrates. Catalysis is another significant application, and this is an historical tie between ILs and PILs. This component also provides a connection to diverse and porous carbon phases templated by PILs that are catalysts or serve as supports for catalysts. Devices, including sensors and actuators, also rely on solvation tuning and stimuliresponsiveness that include photo and electrochemical stimuli. We conclude our view of applications with 3D printi...

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“…Fe 3 O 4 [39]), carbon materials (e.g. grapheme [33]), quantum dots [40] and MXene [41]. And the protocol for the preparation of those nanofluids normally includes the covalent and non-covalent modifications [42].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A carbon nanosphere nanofluid for improving the toughness and thermal properties of epoxy composites

Li¹,

Qu²,

Zhang³

et al. 2022

Nanotechnology

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A carbon nanosphere nanofluid (CNS-nanofluid) was successfully prepared through the non-covalent modification of carbon nanosphere (CNS) with the specific ionic liquid (i.e., [M2070][VBS]) at first. The resulting CNS-nanofluid is a homogeneous and stable fluid with liquid-like behaviour at room temperature, and which shows better dispersion stability in its good solvents and improved processability than the pristine CNS. Subsequently, this CNS-nanofluid was used as a kind of novel functional filler and incorporated into epoxy matrix to prepare the CNS-nanofluid filled epoxy composites (CNS-nanofluid/EP composites). The toughness and thermal properties of those CNS-nanofluid/EP composites were carefully characterized and analysed. And it was found that this CNS-nanofluid could respectively improve the impact toughness and glass transition temperature of the CNS-nanofluid/EP composites to 19.8 kJ/m2 and 122.5 °C at the optimum amount, demonstrating that this CNS-nanofluid is a kind of promising functional filler to achieve robust epoxy composites, and thus opening up new possibilities with great significance for epoxy composites in high-performance applications.

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Solvent‐Free Nanofluids and Reactive Nanofluids

Cited by 5 publications

References 114 publications

From Ionic Nanoparticle Organic Hybrids to Ionic Nanocomposites: Structure, Dynamics, and Properties: A Review

From Ionic Nanoparticle Organic Hybrids to Ionic Nanocomposites: Structure, Dynamics, and Properties: A Review

Polymerized and Colloidal Ionic Liquids─Syntheses and Applications

A carbon nanosphere nanofluid for improving the toughness and thermal properties of epoxy composites

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