Solvent-Free Biginelli Reactions Catalyzed by Hierarchical Zeolite Utilizing a Ball Mill Technique: A Green Sustainable Process

Shahid, Ameen; Ahmed, Nesreen S.; Saleh, Tamer S.; Al-Thabaiti, Shaeel A.; Basahel, Sulaiman N.; Schwieger, Wilhelm; Mokhtar, Mohamed

doi:10.3390/catal7030084

Cited by 49 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…[17][18][19] The reaction product has been widely used as an anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, anti-inammatory, and anti-viral agent, as well as in other medical elds. [20][21][22] Since the discovery of the reaction more than 100 years ago, researchers have successively developed different catalytic systems and synthesis strategies; [23][24][25][26][27][28] despite all the improvements toward better reaction conditions, many drawbacks associated with this transformation still exist. Problems, such as low yields, long reaction times, cost, unsustainable catalysts, and purication issues among others, still pose challenges to the scientic community; especially, when metal materials are used to catalyze organic synthesis reactions, trace metal residues are oen detected in the compounds.…”

Section: +mentioning

confidence: 99%

The new life of traditional water treatment flocculant polyaluminum chloride (PAC): a green and efficient micro–nano reactor catalyst in alcohol solvents

et al. 2022

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Section: +mentioning

confidence: 99%

The new life of traditional water treatment flocculant polyaluminum chloride (PAC): a green and efficient micro–nano reactor catalyst in alcohol solvents

et al. 2022

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“…The silicon is selectively dissolved by NaOH treatment to generate substantial mesoporosity. The catalytic performance and catalytic lifetime can be effectively enhanced by this post-treatment method [77][78][79]88,89]. After alkali treatment, although more carbon deposited on ZSM-5 zeolite in n-hexane cracking, it showed smaller deactivation rate due to the increased external surface area, mesopore volume and pore mouth, which made ZSM-5 zeolite less sensitive to carbon deposition [90].…”

Section: Alkaline Etchingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies to Enhance the Catalytic Performance of ZSM-5 Zeolite in Hydrocarbon Cracking: A Review

Yang

Yan

2017

Catalysts

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ZSM-5 zeolite is widely used in catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon, but the conventional ZSM-5 zeolite deactivates quickly due to its simple microporous and long diffusion pathway. Many studies have been done to overcome these disadvantages recently. In this review, four main approaches for enhancing the catalytic performance, namely synthesis of ZSM-5 zeolite with special morphology, hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite, nano-sized ZSM-5 zeolite and optimization of acid properties, are discussed. ZSM-5 with special morphology such as hollow, composite and nanosheet structure can effectively increase the diffusion efficiency and accessibility of acid sites, giving high catalytic activity. The accessibility of acid sites and diffusion efficiency can also be enhanced by introducing additional mesopores or macropores. By decreasing the crystal size to nanoscale, the diffusion length can be shortened. The catalytic activity increases and the amount of carbon deposition decreases with the decrease of crystal size. By regulating the acid properties of ZSM-5 with element or compound modification, the overreaction of reactants and formation of carbon deposition could be suppressed, thus enhancing the catalytic activity and light alkene selectivity. Besides, some future needs and perspectives of ZSM-5 with excellent cracking activity are addressed for researchers' consideration.

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“…Several researches have confirmed the biological activities of DHPMs and their successful synthesis through Biginelli reactions via different metal oxides have been reported 45 – 48 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A facile hydrothermal synthesis of high-efficient NiO nanocatalyst for preparation of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones

Khashaei

Kafi‐Ahmadi

Khademinia

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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The present work introduces a one-step and facile hydrothermal procedure as a green process for the first time to synthesize nickel(II) oxide (NiO) nanoparticles. The as-prepared nanomaterials were used as high efficient, low toxic and cost catalyst for the synthesis of some organic compounds. Ni(NO3)2 and some natural extract were used as a surfactant for the first time to synthesis NiO nanomaterials. A high synthesis yield (91%) was obtained for S2. Rietveld analysis affirmed the cubic crystal system of the obtained NiO nanocatalyst. The morphology studies were carried out with the FESEM method and the images revealed a change from non-homogenous to homogenous spherical particles when the Barberryas was used instead of orange blossom surfactant. Besides, the images revealed that the particle size distribution was in the range of 20 to 60 nm. The synthesized catalysts were used for the first time in Biginelli multicomponent reactions (MCRs) for the preparation of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones (DHPMs) under the present facile reaction conditions. High yield (97%) of the final product was achieved at the optimum condensation reaction conditions (Catalyst: 60 mg; temperature: 90 °C and time: 90 min) when ethyl acetoacetate/methyl acetoacetate (1 mmol), benzaldehyde (1 mmol) and urea (1.2 mmol) were used. A kinetic study affirmed pseudo-first-order model for Biginelli reactions followed the pseudo-first-order model.

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Solvent-Free Biginelli Reactions Catalyzed by Hierarchical Zeolite Utilizing a Ball Mill Technique: A Green Sustainable Process

Cited by 49 publications

References 56 publications

The new life of traditional water treatment flocculant polyaluminum chloride (PAC): a green and efficient micro–nano reactor catalyst in alcohol solvents

The new life of traditional water treatment flocculant polyaluminum chloride (PAC): a green and efficient micro–nano reactor catalyst in alcohol solvents

Strategies to Enhance the Catalytic Performance of ZSM-5 Zeolite in Hydrocarbon Cracking: A Review

A facile hydrothermal synthesis of high-efficient NiO nanocatalyst for preparation of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones

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