Solvent extraction of aflatoxins from contaminated agricultural products

Rayner, E. T.; Koltun, S. P.; Dollear, F. G.

doi:10.1007/bf02894418

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The second part of the study involved estimation of aflatoxin content in methanol/water extracts of unspiked and AFB1-spiked animal feeds, whole grain feed corn, and yellow ground corn meal samples using RT-iqPCR. Methanol/water was chosen because it is the commonly used solvent for animal feeds and feed grains for extraction of aflatoxins and the use of water and hydroxylated solvents like methanol is highly recommended to facilitate the effective release of aflatoxins into the extractant solution [ 26 , 27 ]. The analysis of feedstuffs often involves several steps of extraction, filtration, sample cleanup, and concentration before subjecting to mycotoxin assays.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitive Quantification of Aflatoxin B1 in Animal Feeds, Corn Feed Grain, and Yellow Corn Meal Using Immunomagnetic Bead-Based Recovery and Real-Time Immunoquantitative-PCR

Babu

Muriana

2014

Toxins

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aflatoxins are considered unavoidable natural mycotoxins encountered in foods, animal feeds, and feed grains. In this study, we demonstrate the application of our recently developed real-time immunoquantitative PCR (RT iq-PCR) assay for sensitive detection and quantification of aflatoxins in poultry feed, two types of dairy feed (1 and 2), horse feed, whole kernel corn feed grains, and retail yellow ground corn meal. Upon testing methanol/water (60:40) extractions of the above samples using competitive direct enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, the aflatoxin content was found to be <20 μg/kg. The RT iq-PCR assay exhibited high antigen hook effect in samples containing aflatoxin levels higher than the quantification limits (0.1–10 μg/kg), addressed by comparing the quantification results of undiluted and diluted extracts. In testing the reliability of the immuno-PCR assay, samples were spiked with 200 μg/kg of aflatoxin B1, but the recovery of spiked aflatoxin was found to be poor. Considering the significance of determining trace levels of aflatoxins and their serious implications for animal and human health, the RT iq-PCR method described in this study can be useful for quantifying low natural aflatoxin levels in complex matrices of food or animal feed samples without the requirement of extra sample cleanup.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitive Quantification of Aflatoxin B1 in Animal Feeds, Corn Feed Grain, and Yellow Corn Meal Using Immunomagnetic Bead-Based Recovery and Real-Time Immunoquantitative-PCR

Babu

Muriana

2014

Toxins

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example it has been reported that extraction with 80% isopropanol completely removed aflatoxins in cottonseed and peanut meal, but it also removed between 8.7% and 9.5% in meal solids. 186 Adsorption Some adsorbents can bind and remove mycotoxins from aqueous solutions. 20,171,187 Two extensively suggested mycotoxin binding agents are active charcoal and bentonite.…”

Section: Extraction With Solventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies to Prevent Mycotoxin Contamination of Food and Animal Feed: A Review

Kabak

Dobson

Var

2006

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

729

514

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mycotoxins are fungal secondary metabolites that have been associated with severe toxic effects to vertebrates produced by many important phytopathogenic and food spoilage fungi including Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, and Alternaria species. The contamination of foods and animal feeds with mycotoxins is a worldwide problem. We reviewed various control strategies to prevent the growth of mycotoxigenic fungi as well as to inhibit mycotoxin biosynthesis including pre-harvest (resistance varieties, field management and the use of biological and chemical agents), harvest management, and post-harvest (improving of drying and storage conditions, the use of natural and chemical agents, and irradiation) applications. While much work in this area has been performed on the most economically important mycotoxins, aflatoxin B(1) and ochratoxin A much less information is available on other mycotoxins such as trichothecenes, fumonisin B(1), zearalenone, citrinin, and patulin. In addition, physical, chemical, and biological detoxification methods used to prevent exposure to the toxic and carcinogenic effect of mycotoxins are discussed. Finally, dietary strategies, which are one of the most recent approaches to counteract the mycotoxin problem with special emphasis on in vivo and in vitro efficacy of several of binding agents (activated carbons, hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate, bentonite, zeolites, and lactic acid bacteria) have also been reviewed.

show abstract

“…The energy of dissolution required with these non-triglyceride components are apparently higher than with the triglycerides, and the nontriglyceride components remain in the defatted meal after solvent extraction. Hence, gossypol and aflatoxins are reactively detoxified or physically removed by multiple extractions with polar solvents (1,2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reverse osmosis membrane characteristics for partitioning triglyceride‐solvent mixtures

Kuk

Hron

Abraham

1989

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Residual free gossypol in hexane‐extracted cottonseed meal is a frequent concern of the feed industry. It is known that ethanol can efficiently extract the gossypol from cottonseed. However, regeneration of ethanol from ethanol‐rich miscellas by conventional evaporation is costly, due to the high latent heat of ethanol. As an alternative to the evaporative regeneration, reverse osmosis (RO) has been investigated. It was found that commercially available RO membranes which have pore diameter around 20 A‡ (evaluated with deionized water flux) or less perform the necessary partitioning. Among the commercially available RO membranes, cellulose acetate (CA) type membranes with a nominal MWCO (molecular weight cutoff) value between 500 and 1000 were found to be efficient in partitioning the cottonseed triglycerides from the base solvent, but were not chemically compatible with the base solvent. RO membranes made from aromatic polyamide (PA) with MWCO value 1000 were found to have both the chemical stability and the necessary pore characteristics. Experimental results indicated the potential use of RO membranes for the regeneration of ethanol from ethanol miscellas. The required membrane pore characteristics and applicable permeate flux equations are discussed.

show abstract

Solvent extraction of aflatoxins from contaminated agricultural products

Cited by 12 publications

References 7 publications

Sensitive Quantification of Aflatoxin B1 in Animal Feeds, Corn Feed Grain, and Yellow Corn Meal Using Immunomagnetic Bead-Based Recovery and Real-Time Immunoquantitative-PCR

Sensitive Quantification of Aflatoxin B1 in Animal Feeds, Corn Feed Grain, and Yellow Corn Meal Using Immunomagnetic Bead-Based Recovery and Real-Time Immunoquantitative-PCR

Strategies to Prevent Mycotoxin Contamination of Food and Animal Feed: A Review

Reverse osmosis membrane characteristics for partitioning triglyceride‐solvent mixtures

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About