A review of the literature pertaining to possible alternatives for hexane as solvent in the extraction of vegetable oils was made. The review was restricted to solvents obtainable from renewable resources and included the most recent technological advances in oil extraction processes. The most promising systems surveyed were based on the use of water, alcohols, ketones, halocarbons, or of liquified and supercritical gases as solvents for oils.
A computer model and an experimental procedure for generating data needed in the model have been developed for the oilseed extraction process. The experiments are relatively simple and are performed with a bench‐top extractor. Experimental results and modeling calculations are presented for the extraction of cottonseed using hexane, isopropanol and ethanol. The calculations show that in an alcohol extraction using a chill separation, isopropanol's greater oil miscibility allows for a lower solvent‐to‐feed ratio than does ethanol. Using the latter solvent, however, achieves lower residual lipids in the extracted meal because recycled ethanol contains less oil than recycled isopropanol.
Aflatoxins in peanut and cottonseed meal can be inactivated by treatment with gaseous ammonia. In pilot plant runs, contaminated peanut meal was ammoniated at two levels each of moisture content, reaction time, temperature and ammonia pressure. Thin layer chromatography indicated that ammoniation inactivated the aflatoxins (121 ppb) in the meal to a nondetectable level. With a similar treatment, total aflatoxins (350 ppb) in cottonseed meal were reduced to 4 ppb. A series of runs was made with large scale equipment using cottonseed meal conraining an average of 519 ppb total aflatoxins. Under optimum processing conditions, aflatoxin content of this meal was reduced to below 5 ppb and nondetectable levels.
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