Solvent Extraction in Hydrometallurgy

Cox, Michael T.

doi:10.1201/9780203021460.ch11

Cited by 51 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Recycling of Ru from spent products is therefore valuable. In the well-known refining process, Ru is selectively recovered by distillation as RuO 4 [1,2]. In contrast, the refining of platinum group metals is based mainly on solvent extraction methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Speciation of Ruthenium(III) Chloro Complexes in Hydrochloric Acid Solutions and Their Extraction Characteristics with an Amide-Containing Amine Compound

Suzuki

Ogata

Tanaka

et al. 2018

Metals

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Abstract:The refining of platinum group metals is based mainly on solvent extraction methods, whereas Ru is selectively recovered by distillation as RuO 4 . Replacement of distillation by extraction is expected to simplify the purification process. To develop an effective extraction system for Ru, we analyzed the Ru species in HCl with ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and Ru K-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopies, and we examined the properties of Ru extracted with N-2-ethylhexyl-bis(N-di-2-ethylhexyl-ethylamide) amine (EHBAA) and trioctylamine (TOA). EXAFS and UV-Vis spectra of Ru in HCl solutions revealed that the predominant Ru species in 0.5-10 M HCl solutions changed from [RuCl 4 (H 2 O) 2 ] − to [RuCl 6 ] 3− with the HCl concentration. The extraction percentages (E%) of Ru in the EHBAA system increased with increasing HCl concentration, reached 80% at [HCl] = 5 M, and decreased at higher HCl concentrations; the corresponding E% for TOA were low. EXAFS analysis of the extracted complex indicated that the Ru 3+ had 5 Cl − and 1 H 2 O in its inner coordination sphere. The similarity of the dependence on HCl concentrations of the E% in the EHBAA system and the distribution profile of [RuCl 5 (H 2 O)] 2− on [RuCl n (H 2 O) 6−n ] 3−n suggested that the EHBAA extracted the pentachlorido species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The replacement of distillation by extraction is expected to simplify the purification process. However, there has not been an effective solvent extraction system for Ru [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speciation of Ruthenium(III) Chloro Complexes in Hydrochloric Acid Solutions and Their Extraction Characteristics with an Amide-Containing Amine Compound

Suzuki

Ogata

Tanaka

et al. 2018

Metals

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“…[84][85] Several authors have reviewed the extraction of REE process, which employed chemicals and extractants 23,25 Solvent extraction is a process utilizing organic chemical (i.e., extractant) to transfer cations or anions from an aqueous phase into an immiscible organic phase. 86 REE is initiated by means of separating them in accordance with their group such as HREE and LREE using counter-current extraction. 87 The efficacy of solvent extraction is accomplished by the changes in different chemical nature between solvent and aqueous phases.…”

Section: Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchangementioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Rare Earth Mineral Processing Technology

Suli

Ibrahim

Aziz

et al. 2017

Chem. Eng. Res. Bull.

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Abstract:The recent technological advancement has made the rare earth elements (REEs) more significant and they in turn have facilitated the culmination of more new technological applications owing to their unique physical and chemical properties. In this regard, renewable energy applications such as wind turbine and hybrid cars testify to the increasing demands on permanent magnet in the future. Considering such increasing demands on REEs, it is felt necessary to identify alternative producers of REEs outside of China as one of the measures to create a fair competition and control the price on the market. It is worth highlighting that the separation of rare earth can be both complex and challenging owing to similar properties which are shared by them. The purpose of this paper is to comprehensively review and summarize the rare earth processing routes, the mostly employed rare earth separation methods, supply and demand of rare earth around the world and some possible scenarios in rare earth market. This review has critically looked into a few authors' recent reviews on six major processes of rare earth processing steps and each step is considered as important to produce both high quality and better quantity of REEs.

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“…The roles of each are as follows: 1) the extractant, as a specific metal ion extractant; 2) the diluent, as a solvent condition controller, i.e. hydrophobicity, which can affect the molecules extractability (Watson, 1999;Cox, 2004). Occasionally, a phase modifier can be added to solve the problem of emulsion formation, aside from improving the phase demarcation process in an aqueous organic system (Cox, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%