Abstract:The recent technological advancement has made the rare earth elements (REEs) more significant and they in turn have facilitated the culmination of more new technological applications owing to their unique physical and chemical properties. In this regard, renewable energy applications such as wind turbine and hybrid cars testify to the increasing demands on permanent magnet in the future. Considering such increasing demands on REEs, it is felt necessary to identify alternative producers of REEs outside of China as one of the measures to create a fair competition and control the price on the market. It is worth highlighting that the separation of rare earth can be both complex and challenging owing to similar properties which are shared by them. The purpose of this paper is to comprehensively review and summarize the rare earth processing routes, the mostly employed rare earth separation methods, supply and demand of rare earth around the world and some possible scenarios in rare earth market. This review has critically looked into a few authors' recent reviews on six major processes of rare earth processing steps and each step is considered as important to produce both high quality and better quantity of REEs.

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The progressive development of Halal Industrial Park is to realise Malaysia's aspiration to become a global Halal hub champion. The purpose of this paper is to provide an initial framework linking the literature on how cooperative approach would bring improvement to the safety management performance at Malaysia's Halal Park. The cooperative approach such as industrial symbiosis is synonymously linked to material and energy exchange. Thus, we explored other potential cooperation which has been paid less attention-the cooperative safety management, and the rationale of this study from Islamic perspective was also discussed. Moreover, we have also interviewed a few industrial safety experts and most of them agreed that this initiative is noteworthy especially in the context of Malaysia's industrial park. In the end, we proposed the development of future research framework whereby an intensive and in-depth study is required since the establishment of the Halal Park is still in its infant stage.

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