Solution Processing of Chalcogenide Semiconductors via Dimensional Reduction

Mitzi, David B.

doi:10.1002/9780470407790.ch3

Cited by 41 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…The symbiosis of a dissolved component with binding action (i.e., no need for an organic binding agent) and solid particles, allowing the introduction of insoluble materials proved to be a versatile approach for high-purity ink formulations. As a demonstration of this approach for CZTSSe, many metal chalcogenides, as well as elemental sulfur and selenium, can be effectively dissolved in hydrazine solutions [101][102][103][104][105]. For example, copper(I) sulfide and tin(II) sulfide/selenide readily dissolve in hydrazine with extra chalcogen added [102,104].…”

Section: ''Ink''-based Approachesmentioning

confidence: 98%

The path towards a high-performance solution-processed kesterite solar cell

Mitzi¹,

Gunawan²,

Todorov³

et al. 2011

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

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693

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Section: ''Ink''-based Approachesmentioning

confidence: 98%

The path towards a high-performance solution-processed kesterite solar cell

Mitzi¹,

Gunawan²,

Todorov³

et al. 2011

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

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1,169

693

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“…The additional chalcogen facilitates the disruption of the metalchalcogenide framework into soluble anionic species separated by small volatile cationic species by a mechanism de- scribed as dimensional reduction (Figure 3). [104] Because of the weak coordination and sufficient volatility, hydrazine species are easily removed through a thermal process, yielding highly pure chalcogenide films with excellent grain morphology (Figure 4). [104] ).…”

Section: Chalcogenide Precursorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[104] Because of the weak coordination and sufficient volatility, hydrazine species are easily removed through a thermal process, yielding highly pure chalcogenide films with excellent grain morphology (Figure 4). [104] ). Device efficiency of 12.8 % has been obtained after anneal at 540°C for 10 min with Voc = 617 mV, Jsc = 29 mA/ cm 2 and FF = 71 % ( Figure 5).…”

Section: Chalcogenide Precursorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Liquid Coating of Chalcopyrite Light‐Absorbing Layers for Photovoltaic Devices

Todorov¹,

Mitzi²

2009

Eur J Inorg Chem

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160

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Liquid deposition approaches for chalcopyrite films used in thin-film photovoltaic devices are reviewed. Most of the targeted materials are based on Cu-In or Cu-In-Ga sulfides and selenides (i.e., CIS or CIGS, respectively), although recently related alternative materials based on abundant and nontoxic elements such as the kesterite Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 have been actively investigated. By direct liquid coating we refer collectively to a variety of techniques characterized by distributing a liquid or a paste to the surface of a substrate, followed by necessary thermal/chemical treatments to achieve the desired phase. The deposition media used are solutions or particle (usually submicrometer size) suspensions of metal oxide, organic and inorganic compounds, including metal chalcogenide species. The deposition techniques used are mainly printing and spin-coating, although any standard process such as

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“…[ 4 ] The best organometallic perovskite cells currently reaching 16-18% effi ciency values are also produced by depositing constituent layers with low-temperature solution methods (typically spin-coating). [ 5 ] There are several recent reviews that praise liquid-processed photovoltaics, starting from the comprehensive book edited by D. Mitzi, [ 7 ] an extensive overview of Habas et al, [ 8 ] followed by more specifi c reviews of chalcopyrite [ 9 ] and kesterite [10][11][12] absorbers, as well as interface engineering concepts. [ 13 ] In this article we would like to critically evaluate various solution deposition methods for creating a high-effi ciency chalcogenide thin fi lm solar cell, in which not just one but several functional layers are obtained by a scalable solution approach.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

All Solution‐Processed Chalcogenide Solar Cells – from Single Functional Layers Towards a 13.8% Efficient CIGS Device

Romanyuk

Hagendorfer

Stücheli

et al. 2014

Adv Funct Materials

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Solution processing of inorganic thin fi lms has become an important thrust in material research community because it offers low-cost and high-throughput deposition of various functional coatings and devices. Especially inorganic thin fi lm solar cells -macroelectronic devices that rely on consecutive deposition of layers on large-area rigid and fl exible substrates -could benefi t from solution approaches in order to realize their low-cost nature. This article critically reviews existing deposition approaches of functional layers for chalcogenide solar cells with an extension to other thin fi lm technologies. Only true solutions of readily available metal salts in appropriate solvents are considered without the need of pre-fabricated nanoparticles. By combining three promising approaches, an air-stable Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 thin fi lm solar cell with effi ciency of 13.8% is demonstrated where all constituent layers (except the metal back contact) are processed from solutions. Notably, water is employed as the solvent in all steps, highlighting the potential for safe manufacturing with high utilization rates. remarkable improvements in conversion effi ciency. [ 1 ] The highest effi ciency of 21.0% has been achieved for two thin fi lm technologies so far: Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 (CIGS) [ 2 ] and CdTe. [ 3 ] Remarkably, both CIGS and CdTe records are exceeding the highest value of 20.4% for the market leading polycrystalline silicon wafer technology. Kesterite Cu 2 ZnSn(S,Se) 4 (CZTSSe) solar cells are often considered as low-cost alternatives to CIGS and CdTe because they consist of only earth-abundant and nontoxic elements although the effi ciency is currently limited to 12.6% (12.7% not certifi ed). [ 4 ] Well-established dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) and amorphous silicon (a-Si) technology peak at 12.3% and 13.4%, respectively. [ 1 ] The most recent boom in TFPV -organometallic halide perovskite cells -has shown an incredible spurt by advancing effi ciency from below 5% to 17.9%(!) within just 3 years. [ 5 ] On the border to classical TFSC is the thin crystalline silicon technology that employs liftoff of 50-micrometer-thick Si wafers to yield up to 21.2%-efficient solar cells. [ 6 ] These massive research and development efforts in the fi eld of TFSC clearly refl ect their commercial value for manufacturing inexpensive effi cient solar modules -rigid or fl exible. Functional layers for the high effi ciency devices are deposited mostly in a batch-to-batch manner using vacuum-based methods such as evaporation, sputtering, or chemical vapor deposition. For example, Figure 1 exhibits a cross-section of a >20% effi cient CIGS solar cell in the so-called substrate confi guration, where 5 out of 6 functional layers are deposited by evaporation or sputtering. In this respect, non-vacuum deposition methods are often promoted as alternative approaches to reduce capital investment costs, offer fast roll-to-roll (R2R) processing and eventually reduce the PV module prices. Particularly desirable among non-vacuum approaches are solutionb...

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Solution Processing of Chalcogenide Semiconductors via Dimensional Reduction

Cited by 41 publications

References 63 publications

The path towards a high-performance solution-processed kesterite solar cell

The path towards a high-performance solution-processed kesterite solar cell

Direct Liquid Coating of Chalcopyrite Light‐Absorbing Layers for Photovoltaic Devices

All Solution‐Processed Chalcogenide Solar Cells – from Single Functional Layers Towards a 13.8% Efficient CIGS Device

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