Solution-Processed Robust Multifunctional Memristor of 2D Layered Material Thin Film

Abstract

Memristors have gained significant attention recently due to their unique ability to exhibit functionalities for brain-inspired neuromorphic computing. Here, we demonstrate a high-performance multifunctional memristor using a thin film of liquid-phase exfoliated (LPE) 2D MoS 2 pinched between two electrodes. Nanoscale inspection of a solution-processed MoS 2 thin film using scanning electron and scanning probe microscopies revealed the high-quality and defect-free nature. Systematic current−voltage (I−V) characterizations depict a facile, nonvolatile resistive switching behavior of our 2D MoS 2 thin film device with a current On/Off ratio of 10 3 and energy cost of only a few picojoules. Excellent performance metrics, including at least 10 3 cycle endurance, 10 4 s retention, and switching speed down to a few nanoseconds, reflect robust high-performance data storage capability. Charge carriers trapping and detrapping at the sulfur vacancy defect sites in MoS 2 nanosheets mainly display the resistive switching property, supported by the impedance analysis and theoretical fitting results. Multifunctionality is leveraged through implementing two-input logic gate operations, edge computation, and crucial adaptive learning via a Pavlov's dogs experiment. Overall, our solution-processed MoS 2 memristor has the potential for tremendous future opportunities in integrated circuits and different computing paradigms, including energy-efficient neuromorphic computing hardware in artificial intelligence.

Versatile Titanium Carbide MXene Thin-Film Memristors with Adaptive Learning Behavior

“…We then examined the resistive switching (RS) property by recording the current–voltage ( I–V ) characteristics. Figure b represents a recorded I–V characteristic in a loop (0 to +1.5 V, +1.5 to −2.5 V, and back to 0 V), which depicts pinched hysteresis nature as the fingerprint sign of bistable nonvolatile resistive switching (NVRS) behavior. , Interestingly, it shows a current On/Off ratio higher than 10 3 as shown in Figure S3a. To probe the role of electrodes only, we performed a control experiment by recording I–V curves for an ITO/EGaIn device in multiple loops of similar parameter like previous and it shows a true metal/metal contact-like behavior as shown in Figure S3b .…”

“…Figure b represents a recorded I–V characteristic in a loop (0 to +1.5 V, +1.5 to −2.5 V, and back to 0 V), which depicts pinched hysteresis nature as the fingerprint sign of bistable nonvolatile resistive switching (NVRS) behavior. , Interestingly, it shows a current On/Off ratio higher than 10 3 as shown in Figure S3a. To probe the role of electrodes only, we performed a control experiment by recording I–V curves for an ITO/EGaIn device in multiple loops of similar parameter like previous and it shows a true metal/metal contact-like behavior as shown in Figure S3b . In addition, we performed various control I–V tests by varying bias voltage sweep parameters like sweep direction, starting voltage, and scan speed for different devices and observed consistent nonvolatile RS behavior for successively recorded multiple loops (Figure S4).…”

“…Importantly, we maintained equal delays of about 100 ms between two consecutive pules in the input pulse train. Accordingly, we have used desired input pulse trains to produce all the binary equivalent of decimal numbers starting from 0 to 7 as depicted in Figure in eight different blocks . All the tests were repeated 10 times successively and error bars were added from the estimated standard deviations.…”

“…Presently, demonstration of various synaptic and neural functionalities for implementing neuromorphic computing hardware using memristors remains in high demand using new materials or devices. In addition, the classical conditioning is also considered as a basic form of learning by the brain as most psychologists agree nowadays, which would be innovative if mimicked effectively using a memristor. , The Pavlovian learning principles are a well-known basic example of classical conditioning of Psychology and have diverse influence on human health, emotion, motivation, and care for psychological disorders. Accordingly, we have performed testing similar to the Pavlov’s dogs experiment using our MXene thin film memristor by the association of two different stimuli of voltage pulse trains as depicted in Figure a–d step by step.…”

“…By harnessing the potential of nonvolatile resistive switching properties, these innovations strive to fulfill the rising expectations for efficient, high-performance computing systems in today’s era. The significance of versatile memristors lies in their transformative potential to revolutionize computing and memory storage technologies as multifunctional devices. , Their inherent versatility could streamline complex circuitry requirements and drastically reduce energy consumption. Indeed, the adaptability of memristors positions them as a pivotal enabler for next-generation computing and memory technologies, promising enhancements in performance, energy efficiency, and functionality across diverse applications.…”