Solution-gated graphene field effect transistor for TP53 DNA sensor with coplanar electrode array

Graphene field-effect transistors as bioanalytical sensors: design, operation and performance

“…However, high salinity environments create increased screening, which can make detection by GFETs more challenging (see section 4.1). In DNA detection, different saline buffers are reported; the most common is phosphate buffered saline (PBS) either at its physiologicallyequivalent 1× ionic strength (137 mM NaCl, 2.7 mM KCl, 4.3 mM Na 2 HPO 4 , 1.47 mM KH 2 PO 4 ), 43,109 or diluted at 0.1× 104 or 0.01×. 53,83 Lower salinity enables longer screening distances, allowing to detect hybridization in parts of the sequence furthest from graphene, but if the ionic concentration is too low (for example in water), strand repulsion can destabilize the double helix conformation.…”

“…Due to the small sensing area of GFETs, such cells are frequently made to contain low sample volumes of the order of tens of microliters. 40,54,61,102,109 Because of their size, these are often referred to as microfluidic cells, although they do not necessarily use microscale flow control capabilities characteristic of microfluidic systems. 126 Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is one of the most popular materials for cell fabrication due to its chemical inertness, mechanical flexibility, transparency, easy processing and low cost.…”

Recent Advances in Flexible Field‐Effect Transistors toward Wearable Sensors

“…Researchers have also reported DNA sensors by use of single-stranded (SS) DNA samples onto gold electrodes [203] and solution-gated graphene. [204,205] Sweat is a vital and easily accessible body fluid comprising a series of chemicals reflecting the clinical information of individuals. [206,207] Abnormal health conditions could significantly influence the compositions and specific types of analytes in sweat.…”

“…[32,244] 1D and 2D materials were also widely used in increasing the sensitivity of (bio)chemical sensors, [245,246] such as introducing nanowires and nanotubes into the active layers to form the direct path for charge transport. [247][248][249] Pentacene/TSB3 [71] 6.3 Methanol vapor NA NA NA Nanoporous-structured semiconductor NDI3HU-DTYM2 [92] NA NH 3 NA 0.1 ppb NA Porous monolayer P3HT-azide [32] 0.32 Liquid analytes NA 1% methanol or ethanol NA (PEN) Container molecules Pentacene [34] 0.014 DNA 74 ng cm À2 650 ng ml À1 NA NA Graphene [205] NA DNA NA %1 fM NA ssDNA on Au electrodes Graphene:PDMS [204] NA DNA NA %1 nM NA Solution gated…”

“…Researchers have also reported DNA sensors by use of single‐stranded (SS) DNA samples onto gold electrodes [ 203 ] and solution‐gated graphene. [ 204,205 ]…”