Graphene field-effect transistors as bioanalytical sensors: design, operation and performance

Béraud, Anouk; Sauvage, Madline; Bazán, Claudia M.; Tie, Monique; Bencherif, Amira; Bouilly, Delphine

doi:10.1039/d0an01661f

Cited by 129 publications

(170 citation statements)

References 204 publications

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“…Different experiments show that FET based on graphene functionalized with PBASE have high conductivity and sensitivity. Functionalization with PBASE neither induces defects in the AGNR, nor changes the electrical and physical properties of AGNR (Xu et al 2017 ; Ping et al 2016 ; Kim et al 2020 ; Vishnubhotla et al 2020 ; Béraud et al 2021 ; Hao et al 2020 ; Fernandes et al 2019 ; Tsang et al 2019 ; Mudusu et al 2020 ; Xia et al 2021 ; Tian et al 2020 , 2018 ; Ohno et al 2013 ; Guo et al 2011 ; Wu et al 2015 , 2017 ; Gao et al 2018 ; Forsyth et al 2017 ). Based on these results, we have functionalized AGNR with PBASE.…”

Section: Simulation Details and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time label-free detection of DNA hybridization using a functionalized graphene field effect transistor: a theoretical study

Bagherzadeh-Nobari

Kalantarinejad²

2021

J Nanopart Res

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Graphical abstract Detection of DNA hybridization with high sensitivity and accuracy plays a major role in clinical diagnosis and treatment. Despite intense experimental studies of graphene field effect transistor as DNA hybridization detector, the mechanism of detection and changes in the electrical properties of the device is not investigated in detail. To this end, we have investigated an armchair graphene nanoribbon (AGNR) interconnected between gold electrodes as a detector of DNA hybridization. Using non-equilibrium Green’s function method and density functional theory, the effect of 1-pyrenebutanoic acid succinimidyl ester (PBASE) linker, probe, and target DNA on the electrical properties of the device has been investigated at zero bias voltage. The results show that, after functionalization of AGNR with PBASE, the conductance of the device increases while functionalization with probe and target DNA leads to a decrease in conductance. The changes in the projected density of states on the AGNR and transmission around Fermi energy are the reason for the change in conductance of the system. In all cases, both charge transfer and electrostatic gating are responsible for the change in the electrical properties of the system. The results show that our device detects DNA hybridization with a sensitivity of 10% at zero bias voltage, and by applying a suitable gate voltage, it can show higher sensitivity.

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Section: Simulation Details and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time label-free detection of DNA hybridization using a functionalized graphene field effect transistor: a theoretical study

Bagherzadeh-Nobari

Kalantarinejad²

2021

J Nanopart Res

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“…have been studied using GFET devices functionalized with specific bioreceptors (antibody, DNA, RNA, aptamer, etc.) [86]. A list of the most recent research works can be seen in Table II.…”

Section: Fet Biosensors For Detecting Biomoleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The third approach targets the viral genomic material utilizing its complementary nucleotides and the fourth is designed to capture the antibodies produced in the host body as a response to the virus employing the matching antigens as BREs [89][90][91]. Overall, the sensing scheme is founded on measuring the electrical characteristics of the GFET's gate after the occurrence of biological reactions [86]. Recently, several studies have focused on detecting viruses such as COVID-19, Encephalitis Virus (JEV), Avian Influenza Virus (AIV), Vesicular Stomatitis Indiana Virus (VSV), Rotavirus, Human Papillomavirus (HPV), and Ebola exploiting GFET.…”

Section: A Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser-Induced Graphene-Functionalized Field-Effect Transistor-Based Biosensing: A Potent Candidate for COVID-19 Detection

Sadighbayan

Minhas-Khan

Ghafar-Zadeh

2022

IEEE Trans.on Nanobioscience

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Speedy and on-time detection of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is of high importance to control the pandemic effectively and stop its disastrous consequences. A widely available, reliable, label-free, and rapid test that can recognize tiny amounts of specific biomarkers might be the solution. Nanobiosensors are one of the most attractive candidates for this purpose. Integration of graphene with biosensing devices shifts the performance of these systems to an incomparable level. Between the various arrangements using this wonder material, field-effect transistors (FETs) display a precise detection even in complex samples. The emergence of pioneering biosensors for detecting a wide range of diseases especially COVID-19 created the incentive to prepare a review of the recent graphene-FET biosensing platforms. However, the graphene fabrication and transfer to the surface of the device is an imperative factor for researchers to take into account. Therefore, we also reviewed the common methods of manufacturing graphene for biosensing applications and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. One of the most recent synthesizing techniques -laser-induced graphene (LIG)is attracting attention owing to its extraordinary benefits which are thoroughly explained in this article. Finally, a conclusion highlighting the current challenges is presented.

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“…where, is the width-to-length ratio of the GFET channel, is the total gate capacitance of the liquid gate, is the carrier mobility. Figure 4A shows the ambipolar transfer characteristics of a GFET resulting in a V-shaped curve where the left branch represents the increasing density of positive charge carriers (holes) and the right branch represents the increasing density of negative charge carriers (electrons) [21]. The critical transition voltage between the two regions where the current reaches a minimum is called the charge neutrality point (VCNP) or the Dirac voltage (VDirac) [22].…”

Section: Mobility Calculation Of the Gfet Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of an IL-6 Biomarker Using a GFET Platform Developed with a Facile Organic Solvent-Free Aptamer Immobilization Approach

Khan

Song

2021

Sensors

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Aptamer-immobilized graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs) have become a well-known detection platform in the field of biosensing with various biomarkers such as proteins, bacteria, virus, as well as chemicals. A conventional aptamer immobilization technique on graphene involves a two-step crosslinking process. In the first step, a pyrene derivative is anchored onto the surface of graphene and, in the second step, an amine-terminated aptamer is crosslinked to the pyrene backbone with EDC/NHS (1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride/N-hydroxysuccinimide) chemistry. However, this process often requires the use of organic solvents such as dimethyl formamide (DMF) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) which are typically polar aprotic solvents and hence dissolves both polar and nonpolar compounds. The use of such solvents can be especially problematic in the fabrication of lab-on-a-chip or point-of-care diagnostic platforms as they can attack vulnerable materials such as polymers, passivation layers and microfluidic tubing leading to device damage and fluid leakage. To remedy such challenges, in this work, we demonstrate the use of pyrene-tagged DNA aptamers (PTDA) for performing a one-step aptamer immobilization technique to implement a GFET-based biosensor for the detection of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) protein biomarker. In this approach, the aptamer terminal is pre-tagged with a pyrene group which becomes soluble in aqueous solution. This obviates the need for using organic solvents, thereby enhancing the device integrity. In addition, an external electric field is applied during the functionalization step to increase the efficiency of aptamer immobilization and hence improved coverage and density. The results from this work could potentially open up new avenues for the use of GFET-based BioMEMS platforms by broadening the choice of materials used for device fabrication and integration.

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Graphene field-effect transistors as bioanalytical sensors: design, operation and performance

Abstract: Changes in the electrical conductance of graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs) are used to perform quantitative analyses of biologically-relevant molecules such as DNA, proteins, ions and small molecules.

Cited by 129 publications

References 204 publications

Real-time label-free detection of DNA hybridization using a functionalized graphene field effect transistor: a theoretical study

Real-time label-free detection of DNA hybridization using a functionalized graphene field effect transistor: a theoretical study

Laser-Induced Graphene-Functionalized Field-Effect Transistor-Based Biosensing: A Potent Candidate for COVID-19 Detection

Detection of an IL-6 Biomarker Using a GFET Platform Developed with a Facile Organic Solvent-Free Aptamer Immobilization Approach

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