Solute transport through undisturbed carbonatic clay soils in dry regions under differing water quality and irrigation patterns

Saygın, Selen Deviren; Öztürk, Hasan Sabri; Akça, Muhittin Onur; Copty, Nadım K.; Erpul, Günay; Demirel, Burak; Saysel, Ali Kerem; Babaei, Masoud

doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2023.116489

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Tavakkoli et al [65] reported that treating sandy soils with NaCl waters decreased the exchangeable Mg 2+ concentration in the semi-arid region of South Australia. Moreover, Pessoa et al [48] and Saygın et al [53] established that using irrigation waters with different EC and SAR values decreased the exchangeable Mg 2+ concentration similar to the Na + -Ca 2+ shift in soil exchange complexes. The saline irrigation water did not significantly affect the change of water-soluble K + values at the soil surface and the subsurface layers (Supplementary Figure S2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Sreenivas [50] reported a negative relationship between the soil EC and the pH of the saturation extract; the author noted that the high NaCl salt concentration in the irrigation water prevented an increase in the soil pH. Several studies from dry regions also have shown that the salinity of irrigation water and the intervals between them do not affect soil pH [51][52][53]. On the other hand, Pessoa et al [48] found that in salt-affected sandy and silty loamy soils, irrigation water with varying types of salt containing Cl − increased the rate of the soluble Cl − over CO 3 2− and HCO 3 − concentration in the soil; thus, pH in the soil extract decreased.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Sodic Water Type on the Chemical Properties of Calcareous Soil in Semi-Arid Irrigated Land

Peker,

Öztürk,

Mamedov

2024

Soil Systems

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Irrigation of calcareous soil with saline–sodic water can modify the composition of the soil solution and exchange complexes in agricultural land of arid and semi-arid regions with low water resources. The objective of this study was to monitor (medium-term) potential changes in a calcareous clay soil irrigated with two types of sodic waters without cropping. Irrigation water with two high sodium adsorption ratios (SAR = 20 and 40) and electrical conductivity (EC < 3 dS m−1) was prepared using NaCl and NaHCO3 salts. The sodic irrigation waters were applied (June–October) in three periods (1, 2, and 4; one period = five irrigations) to bare non-saline soil with drip irrigation during two growing seasons; no irrigation action was taken in the winter–spring rainy season (period 3). Sampling (0–30 cm) was made after each period to determine the changes in soil pH, EC, water-soluble Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Cl−, and HCO3−. Relative to the control, irrigation with both sodic waters increased soil pH, EC, and water-soluble Na+ and decreased or did not change water-soluble cations (Ca2+, Mg2+). The Cl− concentration increased rapidly with NaCl-type water application, but it was leached away quickly by winter–spring rains. The HCO3− concentration increased with NaHCO3-type water application, yet it leached out slowly in the rainy period. The movement of HCO3− ions in the upper soil profile (0–30 cm) was significantly slower compared to Cl− ions. Dissolution of slightly soluble soil CaCO3 by irrigation increased the solution concentration of Ca2+ and its mobility, yet the kinetics of processes depended on water type and irrigation period. The released Ca2+ interacted with other cations in the soil, causing further significant positive physicochemical changes in the soil solution and exchange capacity (comparable with control soil) at the end of the irrigation period. The CaCO3 content in the soil would be a long-term guarantee of the Ca2+ resource in soils, even if the amount of water-soluble Ca2+ may decrease for the short-term period during irrigation. The results should be considered for rational irrigation management (with various water qualities) in semi-arid and arid regions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Sodic Water Type on the Chemical Properties of Calcareous Soil in Semi-Arid Irrigated Land

Peker,

Öztürk,

Mamedov

2024

Soil Systems

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“…Moreover, it is assumed that the hydro-geochemical parameters are not affected by the water quality of the applied water. Data show that the applied water can lead to changes in the flow parameters particularly for highly sodic conditions (e.g., Öztürk et al, 2023;Saygin et al, 2023). Moreover, the flow and transport inverse modelling used to match the model results to observed data is non-unique, which means that more than one solution can fit the observed data (e.g., Rubin, 2003;Sun, 1999).…”

Section: Water Flow Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of soil compaction and irrigation practices on salt dynamics in the presence of a saline shallow groundwater: An experimental and modelling study

Nick,

Copty,

Saygın

et al. 2024

Hydrological Processes

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Soil salt accumulation is a widespread problem leading to diminished crop yield and threatening food security in many regions of the world. The soil salinization problem is particularly acute in areas that lack adequate soil water drainage and where a saline shallow water table (WT) is present. In this study, we present laboratory‐scale column experiments, extending over a period of more than 400 days that focus on the processes contributing to soil salinization. We specifically examine the combined impact of soil compaction, surface water application model and water quality on salt dynamics in the presence of a saline shallow WT. The soil columns (60 cm height and 16 cm diameter) were packed with an agricultural soil with bulk densities of 1.15 and 1.34 g/cm−3 for uncompacted and compacted layers, respectively, and automatically monitored for water content, salinity and pressure. Two surface water compositions are considered: fresh (deionized, DI) and saline water (~3.4 mS/cm). To assess the sensitivity of compaction on salt dynamics, the experiments were numerically modelled with the HYDRUS‐1D computer program. The results show that the saline WT led to rapid salinization of the soil column due to capillarity, with the salinity reaching levels much higher than that at the WT. However, compaction layer provided a barrier that limited the downwards moisture percolation and solute transport. Furthermore, the numerical simulations showed that the application of freshwater can temporarily reverse the accumulation of salts in agricultural soils. This irrigation strategy can help, in the short‐term, alleviate soil salinization problem. The soil hydraulic properties, WT depth, water quality, evaporation demand and the availability of freshwater all play a role in the practicability of such short‐term solutions. The presence of a saline shallow WT would, however, rapidly reverse these temporary measures, leading to the recurrence of topsoil salinization.

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“…At present, approximately 1 billion m 2 of land globally is affected by salinization, accounting for more than 20% of agricultural land, of which 12% is located in China [1]. Despite most salinization being caused by natural geochemical processes, it is estimated that 30% of irrigated land globally suffers from human-induced secondary salinization, such as the application of poor-quality irrigation water, land degradation in facility agriculture, Agronomy 2024, 14, 553 2 of 17 and other factors [2]. These soils are characterized by high soluble salt content (>0.3%), which exists in the form of ions in the pore solution of the charged soil under the action of water and reacts physically and chemically with clay particles [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infiltration and Leaching Characteristics of Soils with Different Salinity under Fertilizer Irrigation

Zhu,

Zheng,

Zhong

et al. 2024

Agronomy

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Salt and nutrient transport and transformations during water infiltration directly influence saline soil improvement and the efficient use of water and fertilizer resources. The effects of soil initial salinity (18.3 g/kg, 25.5 g/kg, 42.2 g/kg, 79.94 g/kg, and 165 g/kg, respectively, labeled S1 to S5) on the infiltration and leaching characteristics of water, salt, and nitrogen were analyzed via a one-dimensional vertical fertilizer infiltration experiment. Meanwhile, the estimation models of cumulative infiltration and wetting front, including the effect of soil initial salinity, were established. The results showed that, with the increase in soil initial salinity, the cumulative infiltration within the same time decreased, and the migration time of wet front to 45 cm was longer. The time required for S5 to reach the preset cumulative infiltration was more than six times that of S1, and, for the wet front migration to 45 cm, the time requirement for S5 was about four times that of S1. In the established Kostiakov model and wetting front model, the coefficients all decreased with the increase in soil initial salinity, and the test index R2 values both reached 0.999. In the Kostiakov model, coefficient K had a linear relationship with the natural logarithm of initial soil salt content, while index a had a direct linear relationship with initial soil salt content. The cumulative leachate volume decreased with the increase in soil initial salinity, and the corresponding data of S3 and S5 were reduced by 37% and 57.3%, respectively, compared with S1. The electrical conductivity values of S1, S3, and S5 were 15.4, 209.8, and 205.6 ms/cm, respectively, being affected by the initial content in soil, soil moisture transport rate, and exogenous potassium nitrate (KNO3) addition. The NO3−-N concentrations in the leachates of S1, S3, and S5 at the end of leaching were 55.26, 16.17, and 3.2 mg/L, respectively. Based on the results of this study, for soil with high initial salinity, the conventional irrigation amount (2250 m3/ha) of the general soil in the study area could not meet the requirements of leaching salt. These results can provide a reference for the formulation of irrigation and fertilization strategies for soils with different salinity and contribute to the sustainable development of saline soil agriculture and the ecological environment.

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Solute transport through undisturbed carbonatic clay soils in dry regions under differing water quality and irrigation patterns

Cited by 6 publications

References 36 publications

The Effect of Sodic Water Type on the Chemical Properties of Calcareous Soil in Semi-Arid Irrigated Land

The Effect of Sodic Water Type on the Chemical Properties of Calcareous Soil in Semi-Arid Irrigated Land

Impact of soil compaction and irrigation practices on salt dynamics in the presence of a saline shallow groundwater: An experimental and modelling study

Infiltration and Leaching Characteristics of Soils with Different Salinity under Fertilizer Irrigation

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