Soluble vitamins (vitamin B12 and vitamin C) microencapsulated with different biopolymers by a spray drying process

Abstract

19Vitamins are important micro nutritional compounds which are involved in many 20 biochemical functions in the Human body but are not synthesized by it; so, they have to 21 be supplied through diet. However, vitamins are very sensitive which provoke a 22 significant loss during the food processes and storage. So, microencapsulation can be used 23 to minimize the loss of vitamins, to minimize the factors that interfere with their stability, 24 to allow a controlled release process and to mask its undesirable taste, increasing their 25 applicability. 26In the present work, the microencapsulation of two vitamins, by a spray-drying process, 27 was studied: vitamin B12, considering that is the most chemically complex and the largest 28 of all the vitamins and vitamin C which is the most popular vitamin in the food industry. 29The microparticles were prepared using a spray-dryer BÜCHI B-290 (Flawil,30 Switzerland) with a standard 0.5 mm nozzle, under the following conditions: solution and 31 air flow rates, air pressure and inlet temperature were set at 4 ml/min (15%), 32 m3/h 32 (80%), 6.0 bar and 120 ºC, respectively. The prepared microparticles were characterized 33 and their physicochemical structures were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy 34 This work shows that it is possible to encapsulate vitamins using different biopolymers, 47 through a spray-drying process. 48 49

Nanostructuring Biopolymers for Improved Food Quality and Safety

“…FT-IR can be utilized to confirm the encapsulation of the active compound into the matrix by identifying characteristic absorption bands. For instance, FT-IR has been used to determine the presence of vitamin B12 and vitamin C encapsulated into different biopolymers by spray-drying (Estevinho et al, 2016), tea tree oil in sodium alginate/chitosan capsules (Chen et al, 2016), xylitol in multicomponent microcapsules obtained by complex coacervation (Santos et al, 2014), and resveratrol in chitosan-sodium tripolyphosphate microspheres (Cho et al, 2014). Scattering techniques are based on the analysis of the scattered radiation produced after a source, such as light, X-rays, and neutrons, interacts with the particles present in a sample.…”

Vitamin B12: Could It Be a Promising Immunotherapy?

“…It is the largest (molecular weight > 1000 g) and the most complex vitamin [5]. The chemical structure of B12 consists of a cobalt atom and four pyrroles in the center of corrin ring bound to a nucleotide part (ribose)-5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole (Figure 1) [6].…”

Sharpening nature's tools for efficient tuberculosis control: A review of the potential role and development of host-directed therapies and strategies for targeted respiratory delivery

“…Vitamins A, C and D are susceptible to air, heat, light, moisture and pH [81], thus careful manufacturing procedures will be required for any vitamin-based HDT. One strategy for maintenance of stability and prevention of degradation following administration is targeted therapy through micro-(spray-drying) or Nano encapsulation, as discussed later in this review.…”

“…Vitamins have been formulated for a range of indications despite several difficulties due to their physiochemical instabilities [81]. AtRA has so far been incorporated into micro-and nanoparticles, liposomes and niosomes for oncology indications with sizes suitable for lower lung deposition, an encapsulation efficiency generally >50% and controlled release of drug for over 30 days in physiological medium [200][201][202][203].…”

“…Inhaled atRAliposomes were safely administered to a patient with extensive emphysema [205]. Vitamins B and C were successfully spray dried to maintain stability and controlled release in food processing yielding microparticles that would potentially be suitable for inhalation [81], while vitamin E metabolites have also been formulated into many preparations, including liposomes, decreasing mortality in an in vivo lung hypoxia model by half [206]. Nanoparticles made of PLGA and chitosan-coated PLGA for enhanced bioavailability incorporating vitamin E [207]and flaxseed oil were the basis of a nebulised solution examined for the potential treatment of lung injury post fire smoke inhalation [208].…”