Soluble Polysaccharide Derived from Laminaria japonica Attenuates Obesity-Related Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Associated with Gut Microbiota Regulation

Abstract

In this study, the effects of a polysaccharide derived from Laminaria japonica (LJP) on obesity were investigated in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). LJP significantly attenuated obesity-related features, lowering serum triglycerides, glucose, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. HFD-induced liver steatosis and hepatocellular ballooning were significantly attenuated by LJP. Additionally, LJP was found to significantly modulate hepatic gene expressions of AMPK and HMGCR, which are key regulators of lipid and cholesterol metabolism. We further found that LJP ameliorated HFD-induced gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis by significantly reducing the obesity-related Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio, meanwhile promoting the growth of Verrucomicrobia at the phylum level. At the genus level, propionate-producing bacteria Bacteroides and Akkermansia were elevated by LJP, which might explain the result that LJP elevated fecal propionate concentration. Taken together, these findings suggest that dietary intake of LJP modulates hepatic energy homeostasis to alleviate obesity-related nonalcoholic fatty liver disease associated with GM regulation.

Tyrosol Ameliorates the Symptoms of Obesity, Promotes Adipose Thermogenesis, and Modulates the Composition of Gut Microbiota in HFD Fed Mice

“…Also, the treatment of tyrosol significantly increased the relative abundance of phylum Verrucomicrobia, which was reported negatively correlated with obesity, and various of phytochemical intervention could promote its colonization. [42] For example, Wang et al [43] reported that apple polyphenol extracts (APE) reduced high carbohydrate dietinduced body-weight gain in C57BL/6 male mice accompanied with increased Verrucomicrobia abundance. Consistent with previous studies, the increased abundance of Verrucomicrobia in our study demonstrated that, tyrosol might be a potential prebiotics nutrient for this microbiota.…”

Targeting Gut Microbiota With Natural Polysaccharides: Effective Interventions Against High-Fat Diet-Induced Metabolic Diseases

“…Natural polysaccharides, MDG-1, extracted from the roots of Ophiopogon japonicus, inhibits the progression of NAFLD in HFD-fed mice through restoring the gut microbiota balance by improving the abundance of SCFAs-producing the beneficial bacteria, Butyricimonas and Roseburia (Wang et al, 2019) coruscus protects NAFLD in HFD-fed rats, and mechanistically, MPA supplementation reverses HFD-inhibited microbial dysbiosis and SCFAs (Wu et al, 2019a). Soluble polysaccharides from Laminaria japonica attenuates NAFLD in HFD-fed mice by reducing the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, and promoting Verrucomicrobia and propionate-producing bacteria Bacteroides and Akkermansia (Zhang et al, 2021b). Interestingly, the natural polysaccharides are not always safe for the treatment of NAFLD.…”

“…Mussel polysaccharides, α-D-glucan (MPA) extracted from Mytilus coruscus protects NAFLD in HFD-fed rats, and mechanistically, MPA supplementation reverses HFD-inhibited microbial dysbiosis and SCFAs ( Wu et al, 2019a ). Soluble polysaccharides from Laminaria japonica attenuates NAFLD in HFD-fed mice by reducing the ratio of Firmicutes / Bacteroidetes , and promoting Verrucomicrobia and propionate-producing bacteria Bacteroides and Akkermansia ( Zhang et al, 2021b ).…”

The efficacy and safety of Laminaria japonica for metabolic syndrome

“…bioactive compounds, such as proteins, iodine, vitamins, and polysaccharides, has shown efficacy in the prevention and treatment of lifestyle-related diseases, including hyperlipidemia, [10] obesity, [11] cancer, [12] and others. [13] In the present study protocol, we will systematically review randomized controlled clinical and experimental studies to summarize the current evidence on the efficacy and safety of LJP for the treatment of metabolic syndrome.…”

“… [7] The brown seaweed Laminaria japonica (LJP), also known as kelp, sea tangle, kombu or kunbu in Japanese and Dashima in Korea, is a traditional medicine and food in Asia because of its pharmacological and biochemical properties. [ 8 , 9 ] LJP containing various bioactive compounds, such as proteins, iodine, vitamins, and polysaccharides, has shown efficacy in the prevention and treatment of lifestyle-related diseases, including hyperlipidemia, [10] obesity, [11] cancer, [12] and others. [13] …”