Solubilization methods and reference 2-DE map of cow milk fat globules

Fat globule membranes in ewes' milk: The main enzyme activities during lactation

“…XO of the XOR, a protein that derives from the endoplasmic reticulum (Bianchi et al, 2009), was not observed in the mammary secretion in the first few hours (day 0; Table 1). This was probably due either to the lower expression of XOR in colostrum as reported in the literature for cow and human milk (Liao et al, 2011;Reinhardt & Lippolis, 2008) or to the activation and deactivation of the enzyme during lactation as found by Benboubetra et al (2004).…”

Characterization of sheep milk fat globule proteins by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis/mass spectrometry and generation of a reference map

“…When compared with 2-D reference maps of MFGPs from other species, such as cow (Bianchi et al, 2009), the abundance levels and relative amounts of the most abundant MFGPs appear to be similar, although lower abundance proteins seem to be more represented.…”

“…However, while the major protein components of milk have been the subject of intense research and characterization, less abundant milk proteins and peptides have lagged behind, and studies have been mostly performed in humans and bovines. In recent years, however, the study of the milk fat globule membrane protein component is receiving growing interest (Aoki, 2006;Barello et al, 2008;Bianchi et al, 2009;Cebo, Caillat, Bouvier, & Martin, 2010;Charlwood et al, 2002;Mather, 2000;Reinhardt & Lippolis, 2006).…”

Farm animal milk proteomics

“…Their structure is formed by a double phospholipid membrane that belongs to lactating cells [75,76]. For this reason, the proteins present in MFGM could be used for monitoring the pathophysiological state of the mammary gland [4]. It has been demonstrated that, depending on the milk source and its processing, 25-70% of the MFGM is formed by proteins [77].…”

“…Moreover, for the dairy industry, milk is a high biological value resource that could be transformed into cheese and other dairy products. While the major protein components of both human and bovine milk have been biochemically characterized two decades ago [3], the analysis of the less abundant milk proteins have only just recently been reported for bovine [4][5][6][7] and swine milk [7]. Since 1982, when the investigation of milk through 2-DE [8] started, important progress has been made.…”