Solubility of Inorganic Kidney Stone Components in the Presence of
Acid-Base Sensitive Complexing Agents

Verplaetse, H.; Verbeeck, Ronald; Minnaert, H.; Oosterlinck, Willem

doi:10.1159/000472448

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…p values (Table 1). It agrees with the calculated behaviour of struvite in solution estimated by Verplaetse et al (1985Verplaetse et al ( ,1986, Snoeyink and Jenkins (1980) and Stumm and Morgan (1981). Further calculations involving data from this experiment yield an apparent pK.p = 12.76±0.56.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…This is a serious pathological condition. The calculated behaviour of struvite at varying pH values in solution has also been reported and expressed in various forms (Snoeyink and Jenkins (1980); Stumm and Morgan (1981); Verplaetse et al (1985Verplaetse et al ( ,1986). The aim of the work reported in this paper was to determine at what point in the lagoon system struvite precipitation was likely to occur, by experimentally measuring the solubility of struvite under conditions close to the wastewater in the lagoons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) Solubility and Its Application to a Piggery Effluent Problem

Webb¹,

Ho²

1992

Water Science and Technology

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Struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) solution chemistry was studied in order to understand a struvite scaling problem which exists in the pipe network of a series of 4 effluent lagoons at a piggery. The conditional solubility constant (PS=SMG·SNH3−N·SPO4−P, equilibrium S values (M)) was determined over a range of pH values (6.8-8.5) and solution concentrations of Mg, NH3−N and PO4−P close to field conditions, and at a temperature of 30°C. A comparison of field and laboratory data indicates struvite precipitates from the second lagoon onwards. The solubility data obtained also indicate potential for precipitation as a method of nutrient removal from wastewaters.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) Solubility and Its Application to a Piggery Effluent Problem

Webb¹,

Ho²

1992

Water Science and Technology

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“…Dipotassium EDTA buffered with triethanolamine (TEA; pH 8 to 8.5) induced severe lesions to the urothelium of the rat and dog, such that erosion of <20% to >80% of the urothelium was observed (Oosterlinck et al 1991). At a concentration of 3.125 mM, Dipotassium EDTA caused severe lesions of the urinary bladder mucosa; slow perfusion rates and alternating treatment with physiological solution did not decrease the toxicity (Verplaetse et al 1985(Verplaetse et al , 1986. Oosterlinck et al (1992) perfused rat urinary bladder with various chelating solutions for 6 hours at 1.4 ml/h.…”

Section: Effects On Mucosamentioning

confidence: 99%

Final Report on the Safety Assessment of EDTA, Calcium Disodium EDTA, Diammonium EDTA, Dipotassium EDTA, Disodium EDTA, TEA-EDTA, Tetrasodium EDTA, Tripotassium EDTA, Trisodium EDTA, HEDTA, and Trisodium HEDTA

2002

Int J Toxicol

106

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EDTA (ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid) and its salts are substituted diamines. HEDTA (hydroxyethyl ethylenediamine triacetic acid) and its trisodium salt are substituted amines. These ingredients function as chelating agents in cosmetic formulations. The typical concentration of use of EDTA is less than 2%, with the other salts in current use at even lower concentrations. The lowest dose reported to cause a toxic effect in animals was 750 mg/kg/day. These chelating agents are cytotoxic and weakly genotoxic, but not carcinogenic. Oral exposures to EDTA produced adverse reproductive and developmental effects in animals. Clinical tests reported no absorption of an EDTA salt through the skin. These ingredients are likely, however, to affect the passage of other chemicals into the skin because they will chelate calcium. Exposure to EDTA in most cosmetic formulations, therefore, would produce systemic exposure levels well below those seen to be toxic in oral dosing studies. Exposure to EDTA in cosmetic formulations that may be inhaled, however, was a concern. An exposure assessment done using conservative assumptions predicted that the maximum EDTA dose via inhalation of an aerosolized cosmetic formulation is below that shown to produce reproductive or developmental toxicity. Because of the potential to increase the penetration of other chemicals, formulators should continue to be aware of this when combining these ingredients with ingredients that previously have been determined to be safe, primarily because they were not significantly absorbed. Based on the available data, the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel found that these ingredients are safe as used in cosmetic formulations.

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“…The rational explanation for this treatment is that a change in chem ical equilibrium in the urine has occurred which favors the dissolu tion of the salts composing the stones, as was also observed in the previous reports [13,14],…”

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 55%

Combined Treatment of Medullary Sponge Kidney by EDTA Potassium Citrate and Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy

Nakatsuka¹,

Kinoshita²,

Ueda³

et al. 1988

Eur Urol

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Solubility of Inorganic Kidney Stone Components in the Presence of Acid-Base Sensitive Complexing Agents

Cited by 15 publications

References 13 publications

Struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) Solubility and Its Application to a Piggery Effluent Problem

Struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) Solubility and Its Application to a Piggery Effluent Problem

Final Report on the Safety Assessment of EDTA, Calcium Disodium EDTA, Diammonium EDTA, Dipotassium EDTA, Disodium EDTA, TEA-EDTA, Tetrasodium EDTA, Tripotassium EDTA, Trisodium EDTA, HEDTA, and Trisodium HEDTA

Combined Treatment of Medullary Sponge Kidney by EDTA Potassium Citrate and Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy

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