Solubility of elements in waste incineration fly ash and bottom ash under various leaching conditions studied by a sequential extraction procedure

An improved microwave assisted sequential extraction method followed by spectrometric analysis for metal distribution determination in South African coal samples

“…It has to be noted that, even though the pattern of extraction was similar, but the proposed method showed moderate extraction recoveries (79-89%), while the literature report showed excellent extraction efficiencies (≥ 100%). The strong affinity of Cr towards organic components was also reported by several researchers 5,8,29,30 . Cobalt also reveals strong interaction with organic components of SARM 18, but was more bound with sulphate minerals in SARM 19 and 20.…”

“…Therefore, it can be concluded that Ba, Ga and Sr can be associated with the sulphate, carbonate and phosphate ions of the coal. Additionally, several research groups have also identified these three metal ions as easily mobile and therefore, are a threat to the environment 5,8,28 . From Fig.…”

“…The current study replaced notorious HF with environmentally friendly dilute H 2 O 2 for the decomposition of organic matter 26,28 . Therefore, Cr partially remained in the clay part of the coal; hence cannot be quantitatively extracted without the use of hydrofluoric acid (HF) 5,8,29,32 .…”

“…Various direct (non-destructive analytical techniques) 4 and indirect analytical methods such as sequential chemical extraction 5 , and statistical methods 6 , have been reported for the determination of coal elemental distribution. However, sequential chemical extractions (SCE) are the commonly used methods for the determination of elemental distribution in coal related matrices [7][8][9] . Additionally, there were various literature reports that have been published for coal matrices as well.…”

Fractionation of Cadmium, Lead and Copper in Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash

“…bioavailable. In order to investigate the metal content in fractions, including cadmium, lead and copper in bottom ash, the sequential extraction method is used [Yao et al, 2011;Gonzales et al, 2019;Haberl and Schuster, 2019). There are various procedures for the fractionation of metals, although one of the most economical ones is the BCR method (proposed by Standards, Measurement and Testing Programme, former Community Bureau of Reference).…”