Fractionation of Cadmium, Lead and Copper in Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash

Łukowski, Adam; Olejniczak, J.

doi:10.12911/22998993/118290

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Cd concentration was determined by inductive coupled plasma spectrometry with optical emission-ICP-OES (Thermo Scientific ICAP 6000, Waltham, MA, USA). It is a pseudototal, because it represents the method recommended by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA 3050B) which was used as the conventional pseudototal digestion method [29], and digests and extracts cadmium using strong acids such as, HCl, HNO 3 , HClO 4 , but not less hydrofluoric acid, so that only the heavy metals retained in the more labile soil fractions such as organic matter or carbonates are released into the extractant solution [30]. Moreover, pseudototal soil cadmium concentrations have been significantly (p < 0.001) more highly correlated with bean cadmium in sites at higher elevations and in a temperate, drier climate, and cacao cultivars in farms assessed in Peru and Colombia [4,31].…”

Section: Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The First National Survey of Cadmium in Cacao Farm Soil in Colombia

et al. 2021

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This study represents the first nationwide survey regarding the distribution of Cd content in cacao-growing soils in Colombia. The soil Cd distribution was analyzed using a cold/hotspots model. Moreover, both descriptive and predictive analytical tools were used to assess the key factors regulating the Cd concentration, considering Cd content and eight soil variables in the cacao systems. A critical discussion was performed in four main cacao-growing districts. Our results suggest that the performance of a model using all the variables will always be superior to the one using Zn alone. The analyzed variables featured an appropriate predictive performance, nonetheless, that performance has to be improved to develop a prediction method that might be used nationwide. Results from the fitted graphical models showed that the largest associations (as measured by the partial correlation coefficients) were those between Cd and Zn. Ca had the second-largest partial correlation with Cd and its predictive performance ranked second. Interestingly, it was found that there was a high variability in the factors correlated with Cd in cacao growing soils at a national level. Therefore, this study constitutes a baseline for the forthcoming studies in the country and should be reinforced with an analysis of cadmium content in cacao beans.

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Section: Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The First National Survey of Cadmium in Cacao Farm Soil in Colombia

et al. 2021

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“…The dry mass content and pH of the investigated MSWI bottom ash were described in the previous paper (Łukowski and Olejniczak, 2020).…”

Section: Physico-chemical Properties Of Mswi Bottom Ashmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fractions of Zinc, Chromium and Cobalt in Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash

Łukowski¹

2022

J. Ecol. Eng.

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In the fresh samples of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ash, the fractional composition of Zn, Cr and Co was investigated. The BCR method was utilised to evaluate the acid soluble and exchangeable fraction (F1), reducible fraction (F2), oxidizable fraction (F3) and residual fraction (F4). Physico-chemical parameters such as pH, dry mass, and pseudo-total metal content were also determined. The percentage of zinc in fractions was in the following order: F3 (31.8%) > F1 (30.6%) > F2 (27.8%) > F4 (9.8%), for chromium F4 (88.7%) > F3 (5.4%) > F1 (3.2%) > F2 (2.7%), and in the case of cobalt F4 (59.8%) > F1 (14.3%) > F2 (13.6%) > F3 (12.3%). Mobile metal pool (F1-F3) gathered the most of zinc (90.2%) and the least of chromium (11.3%).

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“…The details about pH and dry mass of the studied MSWI bottom ash samples can be found in the earlier article (Łukowski and Olejniczak, 2020).…”

Section: Physicochemical Characteristics Of Bottom Ashmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fractional Composition of Nickel, Manganese and Iron in Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash

Łukowski¹

2022

J. Ecol. Eng.

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Fractions of Ni, Mn and Fe in the municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ash were investigated. Three fractions of studied metals were separated according to the BCR procedure (acid soluble and exchangeable, reducible and oxidizable). Pseudo-total metal content, pH and dry mass in all samples were evaluated. The share of nickel in fractions followed the sequence: F4 (79.0%) > F3 (9.0%) > F1 (7.5%) > F2 (4.5%), for manganese: F4 (60.4%) > F1 (16.8%) > F2 (13.2%) > F3 (9.6%) and for iron: F4 (74.4%) > F2 (12.6%) > F3 (12.5%) > F1 (0.5%). Mobile pool of metals (F1-F3) contained the least of nickel (21.0%) and the most of manganese (39.7%).

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Fractionation of Cadmium, Lead and Copper in Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash

Cited by 4 publications

References 21 publications

The First National Survey of Cadmium in Cacao Farm Soil in Colombia

The First National Survey of Cadmium in Cacao Farm Soil in Colombia

Fractions of Zinc, Chromium and Cobalt in Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash

Fractional Composition of Nickel, Manganese and Iron in Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash

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