Solubility of cobalt in cement

Fregert, Sigfrid; Gruvberger, Birgitta

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1978.tb03715.x

Cited by 42 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The conclusion is that nickel sensitivity in combination with irritant eczema induces a high risk of developing cobalt allergy. From our investigation, it is not possible to conclude which are the primary and secondary events, but most facts earlier presented indicate that nickel sensitivity followed by irritant dermatitis of the hands appears first, and that cobalt sensitivity is a secondary phenomenon (15)(16)(17). It is possible that a pre-existant nickel allergy increases the risk of developing cobalt allergy, not only because of the high frequency of hand eczema among nickel sensitive individuals but also due to unknown immunological factors (18,19).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Relationship between nickel and cobalt sensitization in hard metal workers

1983

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853 hard metal workers were examined and patch tested with 20 substances from their environment, including nickel and cobalt. Nickel sensitivity was found in 2 men and 38 women. 88% of the nickel-sensitive individuals had developed a jewelry dermatitis prior to employment in the hard metal industry or before the appearance of hand eczema. 29% of the hard metal workers gave a history of slight irritant dermatitis. In the nickel sensitized group, 40% had had severe hand eczema which generally appeared 6-12 months after starting employment. In 25% of the cases, nickel sensitive individuals developed cobalt allergy, compared with 5% in the total population investigated. Most facts indicate that nickel sensitivity and irritant hand eczema precede cobalt sensitization. Hard metal workers with simultaneous nickel and cobalt sensitivity had a more severe hand eczema than those with isolated cobalt or nickel sensitivity or only irritant dermatitis. 64% of the female population had pierced ear lobes. Among the nickel allergic women, 95% had pierced ear lobes. The use of earrings containing nickel after piercing is strongly suspected of being the major cause of nickel sensitivity. Piercing at an early age seems to increase the risk of incurring nickel sensitivity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Relationship between nickel and cobalt sensitization in hard metal workers

1983

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“…It is because cobalt and nickel are present in insoluble form that has very low sensitization potential. [17] Thus, allergy to these metals is usually secondary in the setting of damaged skin incurred upon by the existing chromate allergy. Greater the clinical severity of chromate allergy, more is the chance of sensitization from cobalt and nickel.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Greater the clinical severity of chromate allergy, more is the chance of sensitization from cobalt and nickel. [17]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational allergic contact dermatitis among construction workers in India

Sarma

2009

Indian J Dermatol

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Background:Allergic contact dermatitis is one of the important occupational hazards in construction workers and it often leads to poor quality of life of the workers with substantial financial loss. However, this is often a neglected entity. There are no past studies on the construction workers in Indian subcontinent.Objective:This pilot study has been done to assess the allergological profile among the workers engaged in construction of roads and bridges.Materials and Methods:The study was conducted among the workers working on construction of a bridge, flyover, and roads in West Bengal, India. Sixteen workers were selected on clinical suspicion. Ten were selected randomly and patch tested with Indian standard battery of patch test allergens. Analysis of reactions and relevance of positive test was assessed as per standard guidelines.Results:All the workers were men. Average age of workers was 24.8 years (range, 19-34 years). Dermatitis affected exposed parts in 93.75% and covered areas in 62.5%. Total positive test was 24 and relevant 11. Most common allergens were chromate (relevant allergy/RA: in 60% of patch tested workers), epoxy resin (RA: 30%), cobalt (RA: 20%), nickel (RA: 20%), thiuram mixture (RA: 10%) and black rubber mix (RA: 10%). Two cases (20%) had irritant contact dermatitis.Conclusion:The result indicated that chromate is the most frequent allergen among construction workers in this part of India. High frequency of involvement of the covered areas as well as the exposed areas highlighted the fact that the allergens had access to most body parts of the workers.

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“…Workers with concomitant sensitizations to cobalt or rubber chemicals may have a wor-se prognosis (12). Sensitization to cobalt (13) and to rubber chemicals (14) are relevant secondary sensitizations among workers in the construction industries. Although epoxy resin is used in repairing concrete building components, no epoxy-sensitized workers were found in the current study.…”

Section: Medical Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Follow‐up of workers from the prefabricated concrete industry after the addition of ferrous sulphate to Danish cement

Avnstorp

1989

Contact Dermatitis

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Ferrous sulfate has been added to cement manufactured in Denmark, reducing the water soluble chromate content to not more than 2 ppm, since September 1981. A comparison is made between the medical and employment status of a cohort of workers engaged, or who had been engaged, in the manufacture of prefabricated concrete building components in 1981 and in 1987. Workers who had allergic cement eczema in 1981 appeared to show no improvement 6 years after the reduction of chromate in the cement. Improvement was seen, however, in the eczema of those workers with irritant cement eczema. The 1987 study showed that a larger number of chromate-sensitized workers required medical services and topical steroid treatment than did those who were not sensitized to chromate. This difference was statistically significant. The worse medical prognosis of the chromate-sensitized workers could in part be due to the fact that some of these had secondary contact sensitivity to cobalt and rubber chemicals. The chromate-sensitized workers also took earlier retirement. Younger workers with allergic and irritant cement eczema continued to work and their employment status was not influenced by chromate sensitization.

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Solubility of cobalt in cement

Cited by 42 publications

References 6 publications

Relationship between nickel and cobalt sensitization in hard metal workers

Relationship between nickel and cobalt sensitization in hard metal workers

Occupational allergic contact dermatitis among construction workers in India

Follow‐up of workers from the prefabricated concrete industry after the addition of ferrous sulphate to Danish cement

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