Solubility Measurements of Chloramphenicol in Supercritical Fluid CO₂ Using Static Solubility Apparatus Interfaced with Online Supercritical Fluid Chromatography

Abstract

The solubility of chloramphenicol in pure supercritical fluid carbon dioxide (SF-CO2) has been determined using a continuously stirred supercritical solubility vessel (SSV) directly interfaced with online supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) using a single valve interface. Solubility measurements were performed at two temperatures of 313 and 333 K with pressures ranging from 10 to 26 MPa. For each individually loaded sample, a series of increasingly more saturated chloramphenicol solutions were prepared in situ by ramping the SF-CO2 pressure within the SSV in 2 or 3 MPa steps. Once equilibrium dissolution was established at each pressure step value, online SFC solubility measurements were performed. The combined SSV–SFC instrumentation and methodology enabled the rapid acquisition of chloramphenicol SF-CO2 solubility data. Chloramphenicol exhibited limited solubility in SF-CO2, providing mole fraction solubility values of 4.9 × 10–6 to 9.9 × 10–6 within the experimental range studied. All sets of SSV–SFC experimental solubility values obtained for chloramphenicol were successfully correlated in accordance with the semiempirical SF-CO2 density-based models developed by (i) Méndez-Santiago and Teja (MST) and (ii) Bartle.

Prediction of Drug-like Compounds Solubility in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide: A Comparative Study between Classical Density Functional Theory and Machine Learning Approaches

“…The experimental data on the solubility of solid solutes in supercritical carbon dioxide was collected from a wide range of literature sources. ,,− …”

Leveraging the power of supercritical fluid chromatography for eco-conscious solutions in pharmaceutical analysis

“…Li et al determined the solubility of chloramphenicol in pure SF-CO2 using a continuously stirred supercritical solubility vessel (SSV) directly connected to online SFC. The combined SSV-SFC instrumentation and methodology enabled the rapid acquisition of chloramphenicol SF-CO2 solubility data (87). The excipients in drug product formulations for pharmaceuticals provide the desired pharmacokinetic profile for successful drug delivery.…”

Columns in analytical‐scale supercritical fluid chromatography: From traditional to unconventional chemistries

“…The last group of stationary phases represents fluorophenyl, phenyl, phenyl-hexyl, and phenyl-propyl stationary phase chemistries, dedicated initially to LC. Their use in SFC is marginal (< 4% applications), even though they can improve selectivity for the aromatic and polar compounds, such as steroids [21], coumarins [109,110], and pharmaceuticals [111][112][113] due to the polarizability and π-π interactions. Indeed, π-π interactions, dipole-dipole interactions, and interactions with cationic species were described for pentafluorophenyl phases [101].…”