Solubility, liquid–liquid equilibrium and critical states for the quaternary system acetic acid–ethanol–ethyl acetate–water at 303.15K and 313.15K

Abstract

a b s t r a c tSolubility, critical states and liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) data for the quaternary system acetic acid-ethanol-ethyl acetate-water and for the ternary subsystems acetic acid-ethyl acetate-water and ethanol-ethyl acetate-water were studied at 303.15 K and 313.15 K and atmospheric pressure. Binodal surfaces, binodal curves, tie-lines and compositions of critical points were determined. In order to construct the binodal surfaces and critical curves of the quaternary system, five quaternary sectional planes with several different ratios of concentration of acetic acid to ethanol were studied. Experimental LLE data were compared with the values calculated by UNIFAC and NRTL models, and it was found that the experimental and calculated data are in good agreement.

Liquid-liquid equilibrium for the quaternary system propionic acid + n-propanol + n-propyl propionate + water at 293.15, 313.15 and 333.15 K

“…The study of the phase equilibria was carried out by method described in [14] using GC analysis for analytical determination of phase compositions. Firstly, binary, ternary and quaternary mixtures of known overall composition within the heterogeneous region were prepared in glass vials (5 ml) by gravimetric method using analytical balance Shinko VIBRA HT-120CE (Japan).…”

Catalyst-free regioselective acetylation of primary hydroxy groups in partially protected and unprotected thioglycosides with acetic acid

“…Esterication of alcohols with AcOH is known to be a reversible process that occurs under thermodynamic control. [52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59] Indeed, when 6-O-acetylated product 17 was treated under the reaction conditions (80% aq AcOH, 80 C, 24 h; method B) the parent diol 16 (24%) and 4-acetate 18 (4%) were isolated from the reaction mixture in addition to the starting 6-acetate 17 (53%) (Fig. 3).…”

“…The non-catalysed (auto-catalysed) acetylation of simple alcohols is well-known. [52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59] It has been extensively studied for industrial purposes like reactive distillation, 60,61 which is used for esterication or for recovery of dilute acetic acid from wastewater. [62][63][64][65] However, only few examples of the use of this reaction for acetylation of carbohydrates are known.…”

Experimental Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium and Solubility Study of an Acetic Acid–n-Propyl Alcohol–n-Propyl Acetate–Water System at 323.15 and 333.15 K

“…The shape of the surface itself is quite common: this is an ellipsoid segment. Other similar quaternary systems that we previously studied have a similar form of the binodal surface: formic acid−ethyl alcohol−ethyl formate−water, 36 acetic acid−ethyl alcohol−ethyl acetate−water, 31 propionic acid−ethyl alcohol−ethyl propionate−water, 34 and propionic acid−n-propyl alcohol−n-propyl propionate−water. 37 To compare experimental LLE results for the binary system n-propyl acetate−water with the literature data, 11,14,17,38,39 a diagram of the concentration of propyl acetate on temperature was plotted (Figure 7).…”

“…A similar technique was applied in previously published works. 17,25,30,31 To obtain solubility curves for ternary mixtures (acetic acid− n-propyl acetate−water and acetic acid−n-propyl alcohol− n-propyl acetate), the initial homogeneous binary subsystems (acetic acid−water and acetic acid−n-propyl alcohol) were weighted using an analytical balance Pioneer OHAUS PA214 (0.0001 g) and titrated by the third componentn-propyl acetate. A constant temperature was maintained throughout the titration using a thermostat [LOIP LT-105 (±0.05 K)] and constant pressure (101.3 kPa).…”