Solubility and structure of

Direct electrochemistry of horseradish peroxidase based on biocompatible carboxymethyl chitosan–gold nanoparticle nanocomposite

“…The CMCS was prepared according to the reference (Muzzarelli et al, 1994), and then it was used in situ to stabilize gold nanopariticles. The CMCS-AuNPs nanocomposite was prepared as follows: 5 ml of 1% CMCS (W/V) aqueous solution was added into the stirring 1 ml of 1% HAuCl 4 (W/V) aqueous solution.…”

Preparation of highly regioselective amphiprotic chitosan derivative via “click chemistry”

“…Carboxymethylchitosan is the most typical amphiprotic chitosan derivative, having amine and carboxylic acid groups in the molecule. The unique macromolecular structure provides characteristic properties such as antibacterial activity [2], biocompatibility [3], and solubility [4,5], as well as chelating [6], aggregation [7], and membrane properties [8]. However, it is difficult to prepare regioselective amphiprotic chitosan by N-and O-carboxymethyl etherification using monochloroacetic acid.…”

Chitosan Derivatives for Bioadhesive/Hemostatic Applications: Chemical and Biological Aspects

“…There are many examples of chemical modification and salt formation to make chitosan soluble in water or organic solvent systems (Muzzarelli and Ilari, 1994;Signini and Campana Filho, 1999;Kubota et al, 2000;Chen and Park, 2003;Ramos et al, 2003;Baumann and Faust, 2001;Kurita et al, 2002). N-or O-substitutions by various moieties such as the carboxymethyl group, are typical chemical modifications.…”

“…N-or O-substitutions by various moieties such as the carboxymethyl group, are typical chemical modifications. However, studies for unmodified chitosan dissolution, almost all have reported molecular weight lowering of chitosan (Muzzarelli and Ilari, 1994;Signini and Campana Filho, 1999;Kubota et al, 2000). As a result, chitosan has been developed for a wide range of applications such as water clarification, flocculants, cosmetic and pharmaceutical uses, and biomedical devices (Table 7.1).…”