Sulfasalazine is used as an anti-inflammatory drug to
treat large
intestine diseases and atrophic arthritis. In the solid state, two
tautomers are known: an amide tautomer (triclinic polymorph) and an
imide tautomer (monoclinic polymorph). Crystallization of six new
multicomponent solids of sulfasalazine with three cocrystal formers
and three salt formers has been achieved by slurry, liquid-assisted
grinding and slow evaporation methods. All of the solid forms are
characterized by X-ray diffraction techniques, thermal analysis, and
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The crystal structural analysis
reveals that two sulfasalazine molecules or anions arrange in a head-to-head
fashion involving their pyridyl, amide, and sulfonyl groups in an R
2
2(7):R
2
2(8):R
2
2(7) motif. This is the key structural unit
appearing in both sulfasalazine imide polymorph and all six multicomponent
crystals. In addition, sulfasalazine exists in the amide form in all
unsolvated multicomponent crystals obtained in this work and adopts
the imide tautomer in the solvated cocrystals and salt. Hirshfeld
surface analysis and the associated two-dimensional (2D) fingerprint
plots demonstrate that sulfasalazine has significant hydrogen bond
donor capability when cocrystallized and is a significant hydrogen
bond acceptor in the salts. The frontier molecular orbital analysis
indicates that sulfasalazine cocrystals are chemically more stable
than the salts.