“…Therefore, the cladding metals solidify in FA mode in theory. However, some studies [10,16,18] have pointed out with the increasing of the cooling rate, the stability of the austenite phase as the primary phase exceeds the ferrite phase because of the change of undercooling in the dendrite. Meanwhile, Lienert and Lippold [19] have also pointed out that if Creq/Nieq>1.69 (WRC-1992 equivalent formulas, where Creq = Cr + Mo + 0.7Nb, Nieq = Ni + 30C + 20N), the solidification of the primary phase is the δ ferrite for pulsed laser welding of austenitic stainless steel.…”