Solidification and crystal growth of highly compressed hydrogen and deuterium: Time-resolved study under ramp compression in dynamic-diamond anvil cell

Abstract

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New dynamic diamond anvil cells for tera-pascal per second fast compression x-ray diffraction experiments

“…[12][13][14][15] These experiments have mostly been confined to lower compression rates since neither the intensity of the incident beam at 3rd generation light sources nor the repetition rate and sensitivity of the available detectors have been sufficient to offer the time resolution required at higher compression rates. 16,17 Thus, many fast-compression experiments have relied on alternative diagnostics such as fast microphotography 6 or fast Raman spectroscopy 7,18,19 to collect data on the phase changes that occur during fast compression of the sample. While these techniques can identify phase boundaries, they do not provide a direct method to study the crystal structure evolution.…”

Developments in time-resolved high pressure x-ray diffraction using rapid compression and decompression

“…A DAC with integrated piezoelectric actuators for changing sample pressure was developed specifically for compression rate dependent studies 3 and has been used for micrographic and spectroscopic studies of pathway dependent phases in ice 4-6 and crystal growth rates in hydrogen and deuterium. 7 The developments described herein significantly expand the research possibilities in this field. For example, by adding high frequency x-ray imaging, it is possible to observe the structural progression during (de)compression and later quantify the (de)compression rate.…”

Kinetics of the B1-B2 phase transition in KCl under rapid compression

“…The influence of intermediate compression rates, between the typical static compression and shock compression rates, on materials is largely unexplored for most phase transformations. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] For rapid compression, i.e., with the intermediate compression rates, it is crucial to have an apparatus that can combine various compression rates with in situ measurements on short time scales. Recently, the developments of dynamic diamond anvil cells (dDAC) 1,[11][12][13] and high-frequency area detectors (e.g., Dectris' PILATUS and EIGER detectors) 14 have provided the possibility to study the kinetics and mechanism of phase transformations under various compression rates with time scales on the order of a millisecond.…”

“…The use of dDACs allows studying various rate-dependent phenomena (or processes) such as compression-rate dependent phase transition pathways, crystal nucleation and growth, formation of metastable phases, and solidification of liquid. [1][2][3][8][9][10] Here, we chose potassium chloride (KCl) to study the kinetics of the B1-B2 phase transition at various compression rates using a dDAC 13 and time-resolved x-ray diffraction techniques 14 recently developed at the High Pressure Collaborative Access Team (HPCAT) at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory.…”