Solid‐State Electrolytes for Rechargeable Magnesium‐Ion Batteries: From Structure to Mechanism (Small 43/2022)

Li, Na, K, Mg, Zn, Al, and Ca Anode Interface Chemistries Developed by Solid‐State Electrolytes

“…[184] PEO with Mg(TFSI) 2 , Mg(NO 3 ) 2 , and Mg(Tf) 2 displays conductivities of 0.0001, 0.013, 0.000032 mS cm −1 at RT, respectively. [102,[185][186][187] PVDF-HFP with 40 wt% Mg(Tf) 2 shows maximum conductivity of 10 −3 S cm −1 at RT. [187] Zn 2+ SPEs involve (PEO-ZnCl 2 , Zn(TFSI) 2 , Zn(OTf) 2 ) with a thickness of 30-60 μm.…”

“…Mohammad et al [77] argued that the electroplating of Al metal composed of Al crystallites with ionic polymer electrolytes fulfills the basic compatibility need. Guo et al [102] reported the Mg 2+ shows stable depositions under solid electrolytes (NASICON, oxides, hydrides, and chalcogenides) by using various strategies such as doping, binary or ternary phased SEs, amorphous or single crystalline phase structures with high thermal stability, and increased anions volume, etc. Na metal and ceramic SE effectively minimize the interfacial resistances and dendrites by improving the wetting of interlayer (i.e., uniform sodium flux across interface).…”

“…State-of-the-art solid electrolytes. [10][11][12]32,39,102, Metal ions Materials Ion conductivity [S cm ) 2 and Mg 0.5 Zr 2 (PO 4 ) 3 display 10 −7 -10 −9 S cm −1 at 500 °C. [169][170][171] Aubrey et al [172] reports Mg 2 (2,5-dioxidobenzene-1,4-dicarboxylate) and Mg 2 (4,4′dioxidobiphenyl-3,3′-dicarboxylate), and MOFs-based SEs with 𝜎 Mg 2+ ≈0.25 mS cm −1 at RT.…”

“…[195,196] Various complexes of PEO with Li, Na, K, Zn, Mg, and Al (i.e., NaSCN, NaTFSi, NaPF 6 , NaYF 6 , KYF 6 , LiSO 3 SF 3 , LiTFSI, LiFSi, ZnTFSI 2 , MgTFSI, AlCl 3 ) have been explored for SPEs. [32,102,[179][180][181][182][183][184][185][186][187][188][189][190][191][192][193][194][195][196] Zhou et al [197] presents in situ polymerized poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate-based electrolytes with 𝜎 Na + ≈1.4 mS cm −1 at 25 °C. The refined solvation structure of Na + restrains the random diffusion of Na + -ions due to lower desolvation energy barriers with suppression of dendritic growth over >2000 h Na//Na cells.…”

“…Reversible Mg plating/stripping is observed for various SPEs or GPEs such as PEO/Mg(BH 4 ) 2 , PMMA-MgTr, oligo(ethylene oxide)-grafted polymethacrylate-Mg-salt, P(VdFco-HFP), Mg(ClO 4 ) 2 -SiO 2 , and Mg(AlCl 2 EtBu) 2 -PVdF, however, poor ion transfer kinetics and interfacial instabilities constrains the MIBs performances. [102,298,[502][503][504][505][506][507] Mg metal undergoes massive volume expansions of 300-500% with strong stress-strain upon solid-solid phase transformations; the Mg-alloy type anode can be the alternate solution. Several Mgalloy-based anodes, such as 𝛽-Mg 3 -Bi 2 , Mg 2 -Ga 5 , Mg 2 Sn, Mg 2 -Sb, and MgF 2 -Mg, are also reported to increase the compatibility of Mg-alloys anodes.…”