Solid‐State Electrochemical Method for Determining Core and Shell Size in Pd@PdO Nanoparticles

Abstract

Electrochemical characterization of palladium nanoparticles surrounded by a palladium oxide shell (Pd@PdO) is described from a combination of voltammetry plus electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance experiments at nanoparticle deposits on graphite electrodes in contact with aqueous H 2 SO 4 and NaOH solutions. A method for determining the metal core size and oxide shell thickness of the Pd@PdO nanoparticles, based on a combination of conventional voltammetry of nanoparticles in DMSO solution and voltammetry of nanoparticle deposits in contact with 0.10 M aqueous NaOH solution, is described.

PdO nanoparticles enhancing the catalytic activity of Pd/carbon nanotubes for 4-nitrophenol reduction

“…3b shows the enlarged XPS scan of Pd3d, the two peaks of Pd-2, Pd-3, Pd-4 for Pd3d appeared at 336.32 and 341.37 can be assigned to Pd3d S6. † These XPS results suggest that the Pd-1 consists of both Pd and PdO active species, 39 which is probably owing to using Pd(NO 3 ) 2 $2H 2 O as Pd precursor. The synergistic effect between Pd and PdO may play an important role in the high activity of catalyst.…”

“…S6. These XPS results suggest that the Pd-1 consists of both Pd and PdO active species, 39 which is probably owing to using Pd(NO 3 ) 2 ·2H 2 O as Pd precursor. The synergistic effect between Pd and PdO may play an important role in the high activity of catalyst.…”

“…Until now, the most common method to synthesize the Pd/PdO nanoparticles is calcination treatment of the Pd nanoparticles, however, the stabilizer or surfactant is usually needed to avoid the over oxidation or aggregation of the particles. [37][38][39][40] As is known to all, the stabilizer and surfactant are not usually indispensable for catalysis. Therefore, development of a facile method to synthesize the Pd/PdO nanoparticles is of great signicance.…”

Electrochemistry of Metal Nanoparticles and Quantum Dots

“…Voltammetric experiments suggest that oxidation of Pd@PdO nanoparticle in aqueous alkaline electrolyte could proceed via formation of Pd(OH) x adsorbed species further evolving to Pd oxides and/or Pd 2+ ions in solution [51], similarly to the growth of porous PdO films on Pd electrodes [52]. Solid state electrochemistry of nanoheterogeneous deposits of Pd nanoparticles covered by PdO shell on graphite electrodes in contact with aqueous permits a direct estimation of the thickness of the PdO shell and the size of the palladium core by using electrochemical data alone [51].…”

Ag-doped Pd nano-dendritic for promoting the electrocatalytic oxidation of ethylene to ethylene glycol

“…Since the XPS technique probes the oxidation state of the surface, we suppose that a PdO x layer forms on the surface, preventing the inner metallic Pd from being oxidized. 51 Performance of the Ag-doped Pd nano-dendritic catalysts Thanks to its moderate oxygen binding energy, Ag plays an irreplaceable role in the thermal catalysis of ethylene oxidation. [52][53][54] Hence, we intended to design the Pd-Ag catalyst that utilizes Ag as a dopant to tune the OH binding energy for promoting EG formation.…”