Solid-state 13C-N.M.R. and electron microscopy study on the reversible cellulose I→cellulose IIII transformation in Valonia

Chanzy, H.; Henrissat, Bernard; Vincendon, M.; Tanner, Steven F.; Belton, Peter

doi:10.1016/0008-6215(87)80299-9

Cited by 81 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The naturally occurring crystal phases, cellulose I [3] can be transformed into cellulose IIII by treating them with liquid ammonia [4] or various amines [5][6][7][8][9]. Therefore, the ammonia fiber explosion (AFEX) pretreatment was performed by heating the biomass with ammonia gas at 90˚C under 21 atm [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of Ethanol Production from Napiergrass (<i>Pennisetum purpureum</i> Schumach) by a Low-Moisture Anhydrous Ammonia Pretreatment

Yasuda¹,

Takeo²,

Nagai³

et al. 2013

JSBS

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Napiegrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach) was treated with a low-moisture anhydrous ammonia (LMAA) pretreatment by adding an equal weight of water and keeping it under atmospheric ammonia gas at room temperature for four weeks. After the removal of ammonia and washing with water, a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) was conducted for the LMAA-pretreated napiergrass (1.33 g) in a buffer solution (8 mL) using a mixture of a cellulase (80 mg) and a xylanase (53 mg) as well as the cell suspension (0.16 mL) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ethanol and xylose resulted in 91.2% and 62.9% yields, respectively. The SSF process was scaled up using LMAA-pretreated napiergrass (100.0 g) to give ethanol (77.2%) and xylose (52.8%). After the removal of ethanol, the pentose fermentation of the SSF solution (40 mL), which contained 1.00 g of xylose, using cell suspension of Escherichia coli KO11 (70 mL) gave 86.3% yield of ethanol. Total ethanol yield reached 68.9% based on xylan (21.4 wt%) and glucan (39.7 wt%) of the LMAA-pretreated napiergrass.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of Ethanol Production from Napiergrass (<i>Pennisetum purpureum</i> Schumach) by a Low-Moisture Anhydrous Ammonia Pretreatment

Yasuda¹,

Takeo²,

Nagai³

et al. 2013

JSBS

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“…Such defibrillation during a polymorphic transition has been previously reported for large cellulose microfibrils in Valonia alga but the authors speculated that the breakage could have been caused by the large size of the crystal, allegedly composed of smaller elementary units. 44,52 Moreover, the morphological alterations were not induced by the presence of an interface like in our case and the crystal thinning did not appear systematic. It appears that the binding to a surface prior to the host-guest type of entry by EDA into the crystallite causes strain in the lattice ( Figure 7).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Cellulose I and cellulose III can be identified by the difference in chemical shift of the C6 peak, resonating at about 65 ppm and 63 ppm (Table S1), respectively, for cellulose I and cellulose III. 39,52,53 Before phase change, cellulose I is characterized by two C6 resonances (Figure 4), at 65.66 ppm and 63.04 ppm, respectively indicating the bulk and surface contribution of the CNCs, as suggested by Brinkmann et al 54 After phase change, the bulk cellulose I contribution at 65.66 ppm is reduced by a factor 2.5 after CP, a value which is confirmed by the quantitative SP experiments (2.3) (Table S1). Meanwhile, the increase in the cellulose III resonance at 63.04 ppm is also estimated to a factor of 2.5.…”

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confidence: 99%

Surface-Induced Frustration in Solid State Polymorphic Transition of Native Cellulose Nanocrystals

2017

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ABSTRACT. The presence of an interface generally influences crystallization of polymers from melt or from solution. Here, by contrast, we explore the effect of surface immobilization in a direct solid state polymorphic transition on individual cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), extracted from a plant-based origin. The conversion from native cellulose I to cellulose III crystal occurred via a 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 2 host-guest inclusion of ethylene diamine inside the crystal. 60% reduction in CNC width (height) in atomic force microscopy images suggested that when immobilized on a flat modified silica surface, the stresses caused by the inclusion or the subsequent regeneration resulted in exfoliation, hypothetically between the van der Waals bonded sheets within the crystal. Virtually no changes in dimensions were visible when the polymorphic transition was performed to non-immobilized CNCs in bulk dispersion. With reservations and by acknowledging the obvious dissimilarities, the exfoliation of cellulose crystal sheets can be viewed as analogous to exfoliation of 2D structures like graphene from a van der Waals stacked solid. Here, the detachment is triggered by an inclusion of a guest molecule inside a host cellulose crystal and the stresses caused by the firm attachment of the CNC on a solid substrate, leading to detachment of molecular sheets or stacks of sheets.

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“…A hexagonal unit cell is reported for cellulose III. Extensive research has been carried out on the reversible transformation of cellulose I into cellulose III I by electron microscopy (Roche and Chanzy, 1981), packing analysis (Chanzy et al, 1987), transmission electron microscopy (Chanzy et al, 1986), and X-ray diffraction (Sugiyama and Okano, 1989). The existence of liquid crystal type assembly of cellulose was used to investigate the transformation of cellulose I to cellulose III I through the cellulose I-EDA complex (Roche andChanzy, 1981, Reis et al, 1991).…”

Section: Cellulose IIImentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on systematic study of cellulose

Gautam

Bundela

Pandey

et al. 2010

JANS

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This review attempts to bring together basic and systematic information which has been gathered on cellulose structure, types, principally that of native cellulose, over the last few decades. Even though advances have been made in the field of crystallography, powder crystallography cannot yield a definitive cellulose structure and single crystal diffraction is not possible due to the lack of suitable crystals. Knowledge obtained on the biosynthesis of native cellulose and on the polymorphy of cellulose and its derivatives help our understanding of ultrastructure. Many inconsistencies between early crystallographic studies of native cellulose have been clarified by the discovery that two polymorphs (α and β) of cellulose I exist. Models of the possible ultrastructural arrangements within native cellulose have been put forward over the decades; with advancement in technology, computer simulations of small and large systems are being created to test the viability of these ultrastructural models. It is hoped that this review will aid in the understanding of the complexity and uncertainties that still exist in this subject.

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Solid-state 13C-N.M.R. and electron microscopy study on the reversible cellulose I→cellulose IIII transformation in Valonia

Cited by 81 publications

References 20 publications

Enhancement of Ethanol Production from Napiergrass (<i>Pennisetum purpureum</i> Schumach) by a Low-Moisture Anhydrous Ammonia Pretreatment

Enhancement of Ethanol Production from Napiergrass (<i>Pennisetum purpureum</i> Schumach) by a Low-Moisture Anhydrous Ammonia Pretreatment

Surface-Induced Frustration in Solid State Polymorphic Transition of Native Cellulose Nanocrystals

A review on systematic study of cellulose

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Solid-state 13C-N.M.R. and electron microscopy study on the reversible cellulose I→cellulose IIII transformation in Valonia

Cited by 81 publications

References 20 publications

Enhancement of Ethanol Production from Napiergrass (&lt;i&gt;Pennisetum purpureum&lt;/i&gt; Schumach) by a Low-Moisture Anhydrous Ammonia Pretreatment

Enhancement of Ethanol Production from Napiergrass (&lt;i&gt;Pennisetum purpureum&lt;/i&gt; Schumach) by a Low-Moisture Anhydrous Ammonia Pretreatment

Surface-Induced Frustration in Solid State Polymorphic Transition of Native Cellulose Nanocrystals

A review on systematic study of cellulose

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Enhancement of Ethanol Production from Napiergrass (<i>Pennisetum purpureum</i> Schumach) by a Low-Moisture Anhydrous Ammonia Pretreatment

Enhancement of Ethanol Production from Napiergrass (<i>Pennisetum purpureum</i> Schumach) by a Low-Moisture Anhydrous Ammonia Pretreatment