A review on systematic study of cellulose

Abstract

This review attempts to bring together basic and systematic information which has been gathered on cellulose structure, types, principally that of native cellulose, over the last few decades. Even though advances have been made in the field of crystallography, powder crystallography cannot yield a definitive cellulose structure and single crystal diffraction is not possible due to the lack of suitable crystals. Knowledge obtained on the biosynthesis of native cellulose and on the polymorphy of cellulose and its derivatives help our understanding of ultrastructure. Many inconsistencies between early crystallographic studies of native cellulose have been clarified by the discovery that two polymorphs (α and β) of cellulose I exist. Models of the possible ultrastructural arrangements within native cellulose have been put forward over the decades; with advancement in technology, computer simulations of small and large systems are being created to test the viability of these ultrastructural models. It is hoped that this review will aid in the understanding of the complexity and uncertainties that still exist in this subject.

Effect of water of crystallization on the dissolution efficiency of molten zinc chloride hydrate salts during the pre‐treatment of corncob biomass

“…The solubilization of the cellulosic component on the other hand was observed to be relatively less across the investigated hydrate systems. Cellulose, the main structural component of lignocellulosic biomass, is a very crystalline polymer although biomass has been shown to consist of more amorphous polymorphs of the biopolymer . In this study the dissolution of cellulose was mostly observed in ZnCl 2 .3H 2 O and ZnCl 2 .4H 2 O systems with yields ranging from 35 to 50% of inherent glucan found in the liquid fraction of both solvents.…”

Production and characterization of an acido-thermophilic, organic solvent stable cellulase from Bacillus sonorensis HSC7 by conversion of lignocellulosic wastes

“…The effect of various polysaccharides, as a carbon source for enzyme production was evaluated (Table 1). The strain utilized a variety of carbon sources such as glucose, galactose, starch, etc., but sucrose was the best substrate for CMCase production as reported in Trichoderma viride [17]. Previously it was reported that, sucrose, glucose and mannitol as the substrates significantly increased optimum levels of cellulase production by Acetobacter xylinum [18].…”

In vitro Cellulose Rich Organic Material Degradation by Cellulolytic Streptomyces albospinus (MTCC 8768)

“…Cellulose may be hydrolyzed using cellulolytic enzymes to produce glucose, which can be used for the production of useful end products (Hao et al, 2006). a play microorganisms cellulolytic pretext, this In n cellulo the biosphere by reducing in role important se (Gautam al., et 2010). successful a establish To make the to it is necessary fermentation process, desired the of overproduction microorganism for (Gautam metabolite al.…”