Solid polymer electrolyte based on waterborne polyurethane for all‐solid‐state lithium ion batteries

Abstract

A series of solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) based on comb-like nonionic waterborne polyurethane (NWPU) and LiClO 4 are fabricated via a solvent free process. The NWPU-based SPEs have sufficient mechanical strength which is beneficial to their dimensional stability. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis indicates that the phase separation occurs by the addition of the lithium salt. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses illustrate the good compatibility between LiClO 4 and NWPU. Fourier transform infrared study reveals the complicated interactions among lithium ions with the amide, carbonyl and ether groups in such SPEs. AC impedance spectroscopy shows the conductivity of the SPEs exhibiting a linear Arrhenius relationship with temperature. The ionic conductivity of the SPE with the mass content of 15% LiClO 4 (SPE15) can reach 5.44 3 10 26 S cm 21 at 40 8C and 2.35 310 23 S cm 21 at 140 8C. The SPE15 possesses a wide electrochemical stability window of 0-5 V (vs. Li1/Li) and thermal stability at 140 8C. The excellent properties of this new NWPU-based SPE are a promising solid electrolyte candidate for all-solid-state lithium ion batteries.Recently, polyurethane (PU) has received great attention as a promising host polymer for a gel polymer electrolyte, 19-21 wearable batteries, 22 and SPE. [23][24][25] The interest in using PU as a SPE matrix is related to its chemical structure because PU is composed of a soft segment (polyether or polyester) and a hard Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article.

A Novel Polymer Electrolyte Matrix Incorporating Ionic Liquid into Waterborne Polyurethane for Lithium-Ion Battery

“…Due to this unique structure, WPU has been identified as a potential candidate polymer matrix for solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) recently [ 10 ]. Bao et al prepared comb-like nonionic WPU based SPEs with ionic conductivity reaching 5.44 × 10 −6 S·cm −1 when the electrolyte contained 15 wt% LiClO 4 at 40 °C and SPE15 possessed a wide electrochemical stability window of 0–5 V (vs. Li+/Li) and thermal stability at 140 °C [ 11 ]. Ren et al reported a WPU as SPE, exhibiting an ionic conductivity of 5.14 × 10 −5 S·cm −1 at 25 °C with the addition of LiTFSI and all-solid-state LiFePO 4 /SPE/Li battery based on WPU12-20%Li delivered discharge specific capacities of 159 and 162 mAh·g −1 under 60 and 80 °C at 0.1 C, respectively [ 12 ].…”

Advances in Waterborne Polyurethane and Polyurethane-Urea Dispersions and Their Eco-friendly Derivatives: A Review

“…The nonionic WBPU and WBPUU dispersions, which are based on the use of hydrophilic internal emulsifiers, e.g., polyethylene oxide, or lateral/terminal ether moieties [ 17 ], were not so widespread as the ionic counterparts, partly due to the weaker hydrophilic character of the nonionic emulsifiers, which difficult the dispersion in water. Nevertheless, due to their lower toxicity, better electrolyte stability, and resistance to shearing at low temperature, nonionic dispersions are the most suitable WBPU and WBPUU formulations for breathable coating applications, dyeing, finishing, and cosmetics, among others [ 23 , 48 , 49 ]. The ionic (anionic and cationic) dispersions are more widespread and extensively used in diverse applications, including adhesives, textiles, coatings, automotive topcoats or packaging films [ 50 ].…”

Effect Of Magnesium Perchlorate Content on the Mechanical, Thermal Stability, and Dielectric Properties of Plasticized PMMA/PVC-g-PMMA Electrolytes

“…Nowadays, lithium batteries are widely used for energy storage devices in smart phones, tablets/laptops, electric vehicles, etc. [1,2]. However, fire and explosion accidents of lithium batteries have occasionally occurred worldwide, some of which caused serious threats to user's health [3][4][5].…”