Solid phase microextraction applied to the analysis of organophosphorus insecticides in fruits

Modern Extraction Techniques for Pesticide Residues Determination in Plant and Soil Samples

“…Majority of these methods include adjustment of the ionic strength of solution (Berrada et al, 2004;Beltran et al, 2003;Kin & Huat, 2010;Chai & Tan, 2009;Đurović et al, 2010a, 2010bZhao et al, 2006;Filho et al, 2010;Lambropoulou & Albanis, 2003;Fytianos et al, 2006;Đurović et al, 2009), and some of them adjustment of the pH value (Berrada et al, 2004;Ravelo-Pérez et al, 2008;Parrilla Vázquez et al, 2008;Filho et al, 2010;) prior to SPME analysis. The research results indicate that the most often used SPME fibers in the pesticide residues analysis (PDMS and PA) are a good choice for determination of: phenyl urea in carrot, onion and potato (Berrada et al, 2004); OCPs in soils (Zhao et al, 2006;Herbert et al, 2006); OPPs in strawberries and cherries (Lambropoulou i Albanis, 2003) and samples of banana, apple, grapefruit, orange, lemon, kiwi, pineapple, pear, peach, apricot, grapes, melon, lotus, plum, mango, cherry and coconut (Fytianos et al, 2006); OCPs and OPPs in cucumber and strawberry (Kin & Huat, 2010); pesticides belonging to different chemical groups in tomato and cucumber (Chai & Tan, 2009), mango (Filho et al, 2010), soil (Đurović et al, 2010a, 2010b), i.e. in samples of potato, tomato, onion, cabbage and pepper (Marković et al, 2010).…”

“…There are a significant number of SPME applications in pesticide residues analysis. In most cases, SPME method was based on the analysis of sample mixture with water, regardless of whether the extraction medium was placed directly into the formed suspension (Berrada et al, 2004;Beltran et al, 2003;Đurović et al, 2007c, 2010b, or the sampling was done from the gaseous phase (Chai & Tan, 2009;Kin & Huat, 2010;Zhao et al, 2006;Lambropoulou & Albanis, 2003;Fytianos et al, 2006). However, quite a number of researchers opted for methods based on SPME determination of pesticides combined with the extraction of samples with organic solvent or solvent mixture, and the corresponding dilution of extract obtained with water (Wennrich et al, 2001;Ravelo-Pérez et al, 2008;Parrilla Vázquez et al, 2008;Đurović et al, 2007c, 2010a, 2010bHerbert et al, 2006;Vega Moreno et al, 2006).…”

Recent Developments and Applications of Microextraction Techniques for the Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Fruits and Vegetables

“…Organochlorine, organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides from tomato and cucumber in DI mode [55] has been employed. Organophosphorus pesticides was extracted from pear and apple in DI mode [56], strawberry, cherry and cherry juice in HS mode [57,58], C. coronaium plant in DI mode [59] and 13 different vegetables in HS mode [60] using 100 µm PDMS. Multiclass pesticides were also extracted from tomato in the DI mode with 100 µm PDMS (Guillet [61].…”

Multiresidue methods for determination of pesticides using SPME and SPE followed by GC-NPD system: a comparative study

“…Solid-phase microextraction is simple and fast, therefore, the technique has been applied for the determination of micro-pollutants, including non-volatile and volatile organic compounds, phenolics, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and pesticides. 11,12 The application of SPME for retention of pesticides has been reported in various matrices including soil, 8 food, 13,14 river water, 15 rain water, 16 raw and treated water, 17 groundwater 18,19 and aqueous matrizes. [20][21][22][23][24][25][26] The technique consists in the extraction of analytes using a silica fiber coated with a layer of sorbent, which is exposed directly in the sample or in the headspace.…”