Solid‐phase extraction methods for nucleic acid separation. A review

Abstract

The separation and purification of biomacromolecules such as nucleic acid is a perpetual topic in separation processes and bioengineering (fine chemicals, biopharmaceutical engineering, diagnostics, and biological characterization). In principle, the solid‐phase extraction for nucleic acid exhibits efficient phase separation, low pollution risk, and small sample demand, compared to the conventional liquid‐phase extraction. Herein, solid‐phase extraction methods are systematically reviewed to outline research progress and explore additional solid‐phase sorbents and devices for novel, flexible, and high‐efficiency nucleic acid separation processes. The functional materials capture nucleic acid, magnetic and magnetic‐free solid‐phase extraction methods, separation device design and optimization, and high‐throughput automatable applications based on high‐performance solid‐phase extraction are summarized. Finally, the current challenges and promising topics are discussed.

A dual paper-based nucleic acid extraction method from blood in under ten minutes for point-of-care diagnostics

“…Molecular diagnostics from DBS envisioned to be used at the POC are currently limited by the complex laboratory-based methods for NAE 4,29 or their application to PCR which require high temperature incubation and thermal-cycling. 7,17 To date, a simplified and rapid protocol for NAE and its subsequent downstream application for isothermal amplification has not been reported.…”

Recent advancements in nucleic acid detection with microfluidic chip for molecular diagnostics

“…Various silica-based materials, such as silica beads and membranes, have been widely used for nucleic acid extraction in microfluidics. Depending on the material properties, silica-based materials can be used in various ways on microchips [ 38 ]. For example, silica beads or nano-filters can simply be placed into the wells or microchannels of a microfluidic chip to extract nucleic acids from the sample.…”

Rapid automatic nucleic acid purification system based on gas–liquid immiscible phase

“…Currently, the commonly used nucleic acid separation method is primarily based on solid-phase extraction technology, such as extraction using spin columns, magnetic beads, and silica beads [9,10]. The solid-phase carrier exhibits strong affinity and adsorption capability for nucleic acids [11]. Furthermore, nucleic acids are bound to a specific carrier, thus, impurities such as other biological macromolecules can be effectively removed, and purified nucleic acids can be eluted.…”