Solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry for the determination of free fatty acids in shellfish

Lacaze, Jean-Pierre; Stobo, Lesley; Turrell, Elizabeth; Quilliam, Michael A.

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2007.01.053

Cited by 72 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Similar profiles exist for FA and ST, and were reported for oyster, clam, cockle, and scallop (Copeman and Parrish 2004;King et al 1990;Pirini et al 2000), but with lower amounts of hydrocarbons, steryl esters, diacylglycerols, and methyl ketones. Recently, LC (liquid chromatography)-MS in electrospray ionization mode, coupled with solid-phase extraction, has been successfully applied to examine the FA, TAG, and PL composition of these species (Lacaze et al 2007). The hydrophilic head group of PL was also examined in the mussel Mytilus edulis by HPLC and GC (Lin et al 2003); the main components identified were phosphatidylcholine (PC; 47-72% of PL) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE; 7-40%).…”

Section: Aquatic Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioconcentration, Bioaccumulation, and Metabolism of Pesticides in Aquatic Organisms

Katagi

2009

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

135

102

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The ecotoxicological assessment of pesticide effects in the aquatic environment should normally be based on a deep knowledge of not only the concentration of pesticides and metabolites found but also on the influence of key abiotic and biotic processes that effect rates of dissipation. Although the bioconcentration and bioaccumulation potentials of pesticides in aquatic organisms are conveniently estimated from their hydrophobicity (represented by log K(ow), it is still indispensable to factor in the effects of key abiotic and biotic processes on such pesticides to gain a more precise understanding of how they may have in the natural environment. Relying only on pesticide hydrophobicity may produce an erroneous environmental impact assessment. Several factors affect rates of pesticide dissipation and accumulation in the aquatic environment. Such factors include the amount and type of sediment present in the water and type of diet available to water-dwelling organisms. The particular physiological behavior profiles of aquatic organisms in water, such as capacity for uptake, metabolism, and elimination, are also compelling factors, as is the chemistry of the water. When evaluating pesticide uptake and bioconcentration processes, it is important to know the amount and nature of bottom sediments present and the propensity that the stuffed aquatic organisms have to absorb and process xenobiotics. Extremely hydrophobic pesticides such as the organochlorines and pyrethroids are susceptible to adsorb strongly to dissolved organic matter associated with bottom sediment. Such absorption reduces the bioavailable fraction of pesticide dissolved in the water column and reduces the probable ecotoxicological impact on aquatic organisms living the water. In contrast, sediment dweller may suffer from higher levels of direct exposure to a pesticide, unless it is rapidly degraded in sediment. Metabolism is important to bioconcentration and bioaccumulation processes, as is detoxification and bioactivation. Hydrophobic pesticides that are expected to be highly stored in tissues would not be bioconcentrated if susceptible to biotic transformation by aquatic organisms to more rapidly metabolized to hydrophilic entities are generally less toxic. By analogy, pesticides that are metabolized to similar entities by aquatic species surely are les ecotoxicologically significant. One feature of fish and other aquatic species that makes them more relevant as targets of environmental studies and of regulation is that they may not only become contaminated by pesticides or other chemicals, but that they constitute and important part of the human diet. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the enzymes that are capable of metabolizing or otherwise assisting in the removal of xenobiotics from aquatic species. Many studies have been performed on the enzymes that are responsible for metabolizing xenobiotics. In addition to the use of conventional biochemical methods, such studies on enzymes are increasingly being conducted using immunochemical met...

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Section: Aquatic Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioconcentration, Bioaccumulation, and Metabolism of Pesticides in Aquatic Organisms

Katagi

2009

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

135

102

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“…11 The chromatographic determination of FAMEs is by far mostly done using capillary gas chromatography (GC,) [12][13][14] and less frequently by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 9,15,16 Lipid analysis deals with enormous sample complexity. In order to obtain satisfactory results, the extraction of lipids from complex biological matrices, which aims at removal and isolation from interfering agents such as proteins, saccharides, or other small molecules, is usually indispensable before the analysis.…”

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confidence: 99%

Application of Solid Phase Microextraction for Quantitation of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Biological Fluids

et al. 2014

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Development of a straightforward strategy for simultaneous quantitative analysis of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) species in biofluids is a challenging task because of the extreme complexity of fatty acid distribution in biological matrices. In this study, we present a direct immersion solid phase microextraction method coupled to liquid chromatography--mass spectrometry platform (DI--SPME--HPLC--ESI --MS ) for determination of unconjugated fatty acids (FA) in fish and human plasma. The proposed method was fully validated according to bioanalytical method validation guidelines. The LOD and LOQ were in the range of 0.5--2 and 5--12 ng/ml, respectively, with a linear dynamic range of 100 fold for each compound. Absolute and relative matrix effects were comprehensively evaluated and found to be in the acceptable range of 91--116%. The affinity constant (K a ) of individual FAs to protein albumin was determined to be 9.2×10 4 to 4.3×10 5 M -1 . The plasma protein binding (PPB%) was calculated, and found to be in the range of 98.0--99.7% for different polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The PUFAs under study were found at a high concentration range in fish plasma, whereas only a few were within quantification range in control human plasma. The method was successfully applied for monitoring PUFA changes during the operation in plasma samples obtained from patients undergoing cardiac surgery with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The most significant contribution induced by surgery was noticed in the concentration level of α--linolenic acid (18:3, ALA), arachidonic acid (20:4, AA), and docosahexanoic acid (22:6, DHA) soon after administration of CPB in all cases.

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“…In recent years, SPE and SPME have gradually been applied to enrichment and purification of FAs [16,30]. These two techniques are robust and are quite economic in terms of time, labor and solvent consumption, compared to more conventional methods, and they can be automated [31].…”

Section: Extraction Of Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analyses of FAs by reversed-phase LC/MS were conducted with both electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) in the selective ion monitoring (SIM), single reaction monitoring (SRM) and pseudo-multiple reaction monitoring (PMRM) modes to obtain sufficient detection sensitivity. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 60-560 lg/g wet weight for determination of free FAs in shellfish with a reverse C8 column [16].…”

Section: Hplc/ms and Hplc/msmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/MS [16][17][18][19] and HPLC/tandem mass spectrometry (MS 2 ) [6,20] have also been reported to quantify FAs directly in shellfish, phospholipid formulation, process water, blood samples, and chocolate and fermentation-broth samples with sensitivity similar to GC/MS with a derivatization step. Such simple, rapid analytical techniques are expected to become increasingly popular in the years ahead.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in quantifying fatty acids

Wei

Zeng

2011

TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry

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Solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry for the determination of free fatty acids in shellfish

Cited by 72 publications

References 37 publications

Bioconcentration, Bioaccumulation, and Metabolism of Pesticides in Aquatic Organisms

Bioconcentration, Bioaccumulation, and Metabolism of Pesticides in Aquatic Organisms

Application of Solid Phase Microextraction for Quantitation of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Biological Fluids

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in quantifying fatty acids

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