Solid-phase chemistry: Its principles and applications in clinical analysis

Zipp, Adam; Hornby, W.E.

doi:10.1016/0039-9140(84)80215-5

Cited by 38 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Absorbing and drying chemical and biological reagents into a matrix such as paper was one of the first technologies to drive point-of-care devices (8,9 ). Substrates have since been expanded into membranes, films, and polymer surfaces.…”

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confidence: 99%

Microfluidic Tool Box as Technology Platform for Hand-Held Diagnostics

et al. 2005

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Background: Use of microfluidics in point-of-care testing (POCT) will require on-board fluidics, self-contained reagents, and multistep reactions, all at a low cost. Disposable microchips were studied as a potential POCT platform. Methods: Micron-sized structures and capillaries were embedded in disposable plastics with mechanisms for fluidic control, metering, specimen application, separation, and mixing of nanoliter to microliter volumes. Designs allowed dry reagents to be on separate substrates and liquid reagents to be added. Control of surface energy to ؎5 dyne/cm 2 and mechanical tolerances to <1 m were used to control flow propulsion into adsorptive, chromatographic, and capillary zones. Fluidic mechanisms were combined into working examples for urinalysis, blood glucose, and hemoglobin A 1c testing using indicators (substances that react with analyte, such as dyes, enzyme substrates, and diazonium salts), catalytic reactions, and antibodies as recognition components. Optical signal generation characterized fluid flow and allowed detection. Results: We produced chips that included capillary geometries from 10 to 200 m with geometries for stopping and starting the flow of blood, urine, or buffer; vented chambers for metering and splitting 100 nL to 30 L; specimen inlets for bubble-free specimen entry and containment; capillary manifolds for mixing; microstructure interfaces for homogeneous transfer into separation membranes; miniaturized containers for liquid storage and release; and moisture vapor barrier seals for

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confidence: 99%

Microfluidic Tool Box as Technology Platform for Hand-Held Diagnostics

et al. 2005

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“…Normally, these rapid immunotests are non-quantitative, having a limit level of analyte in the sample from which the result of the measurement is considered positive (Zipp and Hornby 1984). There are presently more than 1,500 different commercial diagnostic strips or kits showing a remarkable performance related to the standard laboratory techniques.…”

Section: Immunoassaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunosensors for diagnostic applications

2002

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Immunosensors can play an important role in the improvement of veterinary diagnostics in areas such as the diagnosis of diseases, drug detection and food quality control, by providing applications with rapid detection, high sensitivity and specificity. Associated with advances in biochemistry, biotechnology, electronics and microfabrication, new transduction devices that translate a biological interaction into an electrical signal have been developed. An overview of the current immunoassay techniques used in standard diagnosis is presented. This includes a brief description of the different immunosensor transducer principles and some examples of present and future developments.

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“…This approach is common with multilayer single-use sensors and makes use of a combination of both diffuse and specular reflection in the different layers, reagent layer and spreading layer mainly, that compose the analytical element [22]. In this last case the mathematical treatment is more complicated involving diffuse reflectance, ordinary transmittance, and specular reflectance of hemispherically distributed incident radiation, being typically described by the Williams-Clapper transformation [23,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In addition to different multilayer sensors mainly used for the clinical laboratory [24,28], many lateral-flow sensors, typically based on immunoassay, have been proposed mainly for drugs and pesticides [29][30][31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%